Pick Your Family Essay

The dictionary definition of family is: all the descendants of a common ancestor. Although this statement is true, some would disagree and say that the meaning to the word â€Å"family† goes far beyond that simple definition. Many people consider friends, schoolmates, animals, friends of a parent, and co-workers to be their family as well. Your whole family can be made up of many people that are not necessarily your real family. The relationship you share with another individual classifies them as a family member. These people may not be your relative at all, but someone you feel a strong connection to for one reason or another. Just because someone is your family member by blood, does not mean you have to have a close relationship with him or her. Your family can be extended from your nuclear family because another person may be very special to you, or makes you feel loved enough that you would consider them a part of your family. Children that lose their mother and father might have someone take care of them that are not blood related. In a situation like this, the child’s real family is not apart of the family that raises them and takes care of them. Family is more of a concept and more about the relationship that the two people share. In a case where parents have died or some other circumstance has arisen where they cannot provide for their child, strangers or friends may assist in raising that child. That would make them the caregivers; they would be the mother and father because they fill that role in the child’s life. Many people may say they have two mothers, this is because they have two people that fill the motherly role in their life and both of those people make them feel loved and appreciated. Another example where your family might not be your real relatives is godmothers or your godfathers. Your godmother or godfather can be anyone that your parents think can and will fill that role best. This may be your blood related uncle or the best man in your parents wedding. Regardless of the blood relation this person is in now classified as your family member. Family can also expand to include more than just humans as well. Most Americans have a pet dog or a pet cat that is considered a part of their family. It is very common in a household environment that animals are added to the mix. Whether it is a family of four wanting to add extra love in their lives, or a lonely college student looking for a companion. Many people add a pet into their homes to love and feel love in return. One might think this classifies that animal as a family member. Animals and humans can share a very special relationship, just like family members share. This special relationship is what makes someone or something a part of your family not just blood. Some people may have very special experiences with another individual. Growing up with a particular friend and experiencing many of life’s challenges and tribulations can make a relationship grow very strong. People that have been there for another person through tragedies, deaths, illness, hardships and times of celebration share special bonds. These people may refer to each other as brothers or sisters or second daughters or sons. It is the many experiences and the compassion and empathy that people share with one another that make them feel that closeness with one another. They will often refer to these special people as â€Å"family members†, although they have no blood relation. Many people that are not your real relatives can be more like your family than your real family. There are many reasons that families break up, or do not speak any longer. Death, distance, past arguments and sickness can all be some reasons why you are not close to your blood family. Most people know of someone who may no longer speak to their mother, father, sister, or brother; this kind of thing happens all the time. This is very common after a parent’s death, and the children have to disperse the parent’s valuables. You can’t pick your family, but you can pick your friends. Sometimes those friends treat you better than your own family. They’re a surplus of people that might fill a particular role better than others, and the relationship you share with them is what defines them as your family member.

Why Do People Fail to Mature

The teenagers of our generation, with all the latest Innovations and novelties today, are being fed with lots of information and lore. To our dismay, taking in too much information will end up being strapped on a chair, paralyzed, and unable to move. Managing to contain all these backup ideas Is difficult. Our mind Just keeps on storing files. But what about our Are you sure you can handle it? A great paradox In a teenager's life, too much knowledge makes one unable to function.The problem with teens these days, they get ahead of themselves, making them curious about legion things. Exploring the unknown is fun and exciting for it enriches our minds with new Ideas and thoughts. However, using liberty to do Is quite over the line. The question is, are the teenagers of this generation ready? Unequivocally, no, they are not ready. Well, at least, not now, not yet. Whilst on the other hand, I assays again, if your emotional growth is stunted, do you think that you have developed enough to say that you have really matured? If you ask me. I do not think so!If your emotions control your actions and decisions and If you make these fast and careless, you might want to have second thoughts. This factor, your emotions, hinders your maturity growth. Our feelings are our weakness. Ergo, we must take Into considerations compromising in making our decisions. It Is for us to make our cognitive and emotional maturity to grow forth. We must develop this gradually. We gain too much knowledge than we could take in. However, we are not capable of handling this much for we are not yet ready. Our intellect may have been pacing up UT our psychological aspect isn't catching up that fast.You are a teenager, undergoing puberty, who is in the middle of being an adult and being a child. If you rush ahead in knowing things, you must not know, and hastening the chances of being an adult immediately will get you stacked in an adolescent body with a child's mind. It is comparable to the metamor phosis of butterflies. If you crack open the cocoon, rushing it to become a butterfly, yes, you came out as a butterfly, but onto fully developed one. Because of the vast world around us, we tend to get befuddled and curious by arioso things.We rush in knowing too much than we could carry which holds back our emotional maturity. If you want to be mature, act like it. You must be responsible enough to make better decisions. Do not do doltish and idiotic stuff. Start acting your age. Do not get ahead of yourself. Use your brain. It's not above there for nothing. You are not yet ready. You may gain knowledge, but your emotional health is suffering. That's why we fail to mature. Other factors may have been excelling, but you cannot be a butterfly it you haven't gone into a cocoon.

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Motivation - Essay Example Secondly, human resources exist as a yet another representation of the interests and needs of the employer. Within this function, a human resource department necessarily seeks to minimize costs associated with the workforce, comply by relevant laws, maximize efficiency, and reduce losses. Accordingly, the study of human resources almost invariably centers upon these two core functions. In keeping with this particular dynamic which is been described, this brief study will focus a level of analysis upon the means by which human resources within a firm/entity/organization can and should seek to maximize the motivational factor that it engages with its stakeholders. Within this particular dynamic, it can readily be understood that seeking to maximize motivation necessarily increases efficiency, utility, profitability, and a host of other factors that would be viewed positively by the firm/entity in question. Moreover, the changing business dynamic in the current world, inclusive of risin g competition, hiring freezes, procurement policies, and a host of other factors, means that a higher level of pressure is now exhibited upon human resource departments around the globe to maximize the level of motivation of the few employees that they can continue to employ as a means of continuing to stay relevant within the current model. Ultimately, this can be reduced to a firm or entity seeking to do more with less. Within such a dynamic, this particular analysis will measure some of the most pertinent motivational theories that exist and seek not only to define them but to explain how they can be utilized within human resources as a means of affecting a greater level of motivation. The theories that will be discussed are as follows: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Hertzberg’s motivation hygiene theory, McClellan’s theory of needs, Vroom’s expectancy theory, and Kolb’s learning styles theory. As such, by analyzing each of these theories and rela ting it to the practice of motivation in human resources, it is the intent of this author to underline and highlight the means by which a greater level of motivation can be affected within the current leadership that exist within each and every firm/entity/organization. By seeking to define and understanding the clear and dinstict linkage that exists between leadership and motivation, and vice versa, it is the hope of this author that the reader can come to a more clear and actionable interpretation of how leadership and motivation can work in something of a symbiotic relationship to maximize utility and efficiency within the given firm/organization/or work place. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Although Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has oftentimes been considered on a purely personal psychological level, the reality of the situation is that humans are by very nature social beings. By extension, the workplace is necessarily a realm within which individuals need to interact w ith one another as well as clients as a means of generating profit and income; both for themselves and for the entity in question. In such a way, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is perfectly suited to defining and describing the means by which a given firm/organization can seek to maximize the overall level of motivation that is exhibited within its employees. Rather than viewing this as something of an undynamic approach, it must be understood,

Visual Arts and Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Arts and Film Studies - Essay Example Countries though united by the government, are often divided by religion, political parties, ethnicity and class. Unifying forces in different cultures include trade, belief in common descent and marriage. In any society, common cultural traditions also provide a basis for uniformity. This paper will examine three unifying elements of American popular culture, describing how these elements reflect concerns, interests and ideas in present-day America. One of the most significant elements of American popular culture is communication. Communication refers to the process of circular interaction, which involves a receiver, sender and message. Since Americans are intelligent and symbol making people, the messages may be conveyed either verbally or non-verbally through the use of words, either written or oral, graphs, signs, gestures, pictures, statistics and signs. Americans are versatile communicators and the contemporary American popular culture upholds the need for communication in the conveyance of ideas, views and interests. The capacity of humans to communicate changed from smoke signals to sound of drums to the Internet and TV. As dynamic beings, Americans constantly invent innovative and enhanced ways of communication in line with changing times and desires. Despite the communication symbol utilized in modern American society, a receiver and sender are often involved. Current-day Americans have dissimilar needs from those of ancient times (Storey 161). The means of communication used by Americans today reflect these differing needs. At present, Americans primary use the Internet to communicate. Technology presents a practical application of science to both industry and commerce. The cell phone is currently one of the most popular modern pieces of technology used by Americans for communication purposes. The cell phone helps with the spread of contemporary American popular culture. The invention is a form of wireless communication device, which is quite familia r to American mobile phone users. Cell phones allow communication between distant individuals thereby presents a viable tool for spreading contemporary American popular culture. Another popular element of contemporary American popular culture is football. Although football is only a game, it is presently a popular American spectator sport. For instance, on fall Saturdays, millions of people travel to and from famous college football games. Other congregations also meet in high school stadia while millions of people watch televised football. Notably, almost half of the adult population in the US watches the Super Bowl. Since football is of immense interest to Americans, it plays a significant role as a unifying cultural institution, which demands attention (Storey 116). America’s most popular sport manages to attract fans from different political, ethnic and social backgrounds and genders. The popularity of football, specifically professional football, depends precisely on the mass media, particularly TV. Football is peculiarly an American pastime despite its inherent violent nature. However, football is not popular among Americans on account of its violent nature. Notably, if football were an effective vehicle for the expression of aggression, it would have spread, like other sports, to other countries where people have similar aggressive tendencies as Americans. If the popularity of football centered primarily on a blood thirsty temperament, other bloodier sports such as boxing would be America’s national pastime. The explanation of football’s popularity in the US lies in its symbolism of various key characteristics of American life (Hassabian 82). Particularly, football is characterized by teamwork, which centers on specialization, as well

U.S. Perspectives and Foreign Policy in Latin America Essay

U.S. Perspectives and Foreign Policy in Latin America - Essay Example The BBC asserted that while the U.S. government has been busy implementing its war against terrorism in Iran and Afghanistan, its relations with Latin America turned sour, from Mexico down to Peru. Strong anti-American feelings, or what one Peruvian leader called "the neo-liberal economic model that has failed to benefit our nation", converted into a string of electoral victories by what the West perceives as left-leaning governments. 2 A "leftward" drift is apparent in Latin America's southern hemisphere since the start of the decade. In Venezuela, leftist Hugo Chavez garnered 56.93% of the votes in 30 July 2000. In Brazil, center-Left Luis Inacio LULA da Silva won 61.27% in the second round of elections in October 27, 2002. In Argentina, left-leaning Nestor Kirchner was sworn in as president on May 25, 2003 to a four-year term of office after his rival, Carlos Menem, decided to stand down. In Uruguay, Tabar Ramn Vzquez Rosas of the Frente Amplio garnered 51.94% in the October 31, 2004 elections. In Bolivia, left-wing Evo Morales won a historic 54% of the vote in 18 December 2005. In Chile, center-Left Michelle Bachelet's second round votes of 53.49% beat Michelle Bachelet in 15 January 2006. In Peru, center-Left Alan Garcia beat Ollanta Humala in 4 June 2006. 3 Lula is again expected to win in the upcoming run-off elections this 29 October 2006. On December 3, Venezuela's Chavez will face liberal democrat Manuel Rosales. Elsewhere in the region, leftward shifts that are not necessarily anti-U.S. have also been observed in Honduras, Haiti, and Costa Rica. Former Nicaraguan Sandinista Party Chief Daniel Ortega will make another presidential re-election bid in November 2006. II. Independence, Regional Integration and Petroleum Politics Noam Chomsky, the renowned linguist and political analyst, noted in June 2006 that for the first time since the Spanish colonization, many countries in the hemisphere are "moving towards a degree of independence and towards a degree of integration." Petroleum-oil and gas-is a key issue. Chomsky adds that the United states is "terrified" considering that the largest energy producer in the hemisphere is Venezuela, which is one of the five founding members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Bolivia, with its vast gas reserves, is second to Venezuela. 4 Last February, U.S. secretary of state Condoleezza Rice accused Chavez of "Latin brand of populism that has taken countries down the drain," and that Venezuela's relationship with Cuba is "particularly dangerous." 5 A controversial figure next to Venezuela's Hugo Chavez is Evo Morales of Bolivia. Last March 2006, Noam Chomsky said of Evo Morales's victory: "Morales' election reflects the entry of the indigenous population into the political arena throughout the continent. Along with other popular forces, indigenous people are demanding control over their own resources, a serious threat to Washington's plans to rely on resources from the Western hemisphere, particularly energy." 6 Otto Reich, former assistant secretary of state for the Western hemisphere and adviser to President George Bush, presents a different view however. In the same BBC interview with Noam Chomsky regarding Evo Morales challenge to the

MS project capstone Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

MS project capstone - Thesis Proposal Example In cases where platforms are found through operating systems, a limitation is also seen in the number of functionalities that the monitoring systems can perform. A new application is therefore recommended with a multi-purpose functionality that combines aesthetic power with performance. This application will give a visual display of all that it taking place within the networking process including upload and download speeds, new clients that join the network, rate of highest and lowest value fluctuations and so on. Topic Statement Not long ago, most network system administrators were very limited in terms of the available operating systems with which they could use to process their system applications. This is because there was so much monopoly in the operating system market (Fielding, Teutsch and Koh, 2012). Today, the introduction of some new and somewhat advanced forms of operating systems such as the android operating system has eradicated this deficiency. But as much as the avail ability of new operating systems comes with their own advantages and merits, there are some key challenges that network system administrators have to face. A typical example of this is the influx of websites, servers, routers, surveillance systems and Wi-Fi management systems, all of which perfectly fit into the processing and use of a single network operation. In order to ensure that the number of applications possible to run on a single network does not become a burden, network system administrators need to have troubleshooting tools that can monitor the periodic activities that take place within these websites, servers, routers, surveillance systems, and Wi-Fi management applications. Even though there are more of such new operating systems that may effectively serve the purposes of network system administrators, there is particular emphasis on the android operating system, which comes with a number of android applications for use by network system administrators. Significance Th e significance section of the project capstone touches on what the researcher wants to show for the entire project at the end of the day; as well as the specific activities that will be needed to perform to make the achievement of this possible. In effect, the aim is a generalized goal whiles the objectives are a set of activities that needs to be performed to achieve the aim. Consequently, the aim of the proposed study is to design an application. To successfully achieve this, the following specific objectives must be met. 1 To identify a networking system that works best for android devices 2 To develop an application that monitors the upload and down speed per second. 3 To develop an application that can monitor the number of connection users at any present time on the network. 4 To create a network monitoring system that looks specifically at the rate of network running. 5 To create a simplified version of network monitor that works in the forms of a dashboard for easy visibilit y and accessibility. 6 To build a Wi-Fi network data traffic that will be responsible for monitoring the capabilities of network to be sure that these networks perform to their maximum capacities. 7 To have a warning system in place against network data traffic. Proposed Solution and Deliverable The researcher shall embark on a mixed research approac

System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System Analysis - Essay Example Use cases can be used for almost every kind of project for the reason that they are cooperative in providing information about planning related issues and requirements of the project. Thus, in the beginning of a project the majority use cases should be defined, however as the project carries on more capacity turns out to be noticeable. In simple words, the basic purpose of use case diagram is to recognize the major elements and procedures that make up the system. These major elements are recognized as "actors" and the procedures are known as "use cases." In this scenario, the use case diagram demonstrates which actors relate with each use case (Braun et al., 2011) and (Chitnis et al., 2003). Use Case Diagram of WBF Ltd rental system B- Use case description The process of defining the overall use case along with main aspects of interactions between the system and the users is known as use case description. In the scenario of system development, the main purpose of use case description is to explain overall procedures in addition to aspects those are demonstrated in the diagram so that the viewer can have better overview of the interactions and processes (Sommerville, 2004) and (Pressman, 2001). Rental Process Use case description Use case Description This use case describes the process of film rental for customer. In this scenario a customer places a request for the film. In case film is available then customer provides his personal details. After recording customer details system stores the system film rental information and processes payment information. After payment processing system delivers the receipt to the customer. Precondition/s In order to process film rental request there is a precondition for the availability of the film in stock. If the required film is available in the film stock then the system processes the film rental request. Post condition/s For the successful completion of the overall rental process, there is a need to implement a proper ap proach for processing the payment of customer. After receiving payment from the customer, system carries out the rental requests as well as provides it by saving customer and film information and delivering the payment receipt. Steps I have outlined below some of the main steps for the overall process of film rental case: Customer requests for renting a film Customer selects the desired movie Customer provides personal details Customer pays the required cost of film he wants to take on rent System saves information System delivers receipt Assuming that the customer has chosen the film and it is available to rent out, produce a step-by-step use case description for the use case ‘Check out Film’ in WBF Ltd rental system using an appropriate template/format that should include: C- Role of class diagram Class diagrams are the foundation of object-oriented design and analysis. Class diagrams demonstrate the classes of the main system that we are going to develop, their invol vements (comprising aggregation, inheritance as well as relationship), and the characteristics and processes of the classes. Moreover, class diagrams are used to carry out a broad range of functions, such as together domain/abstract modeling and comprehensive design

Sports Promotion and Sales Management Assignment

Sports Promotion and Sales Management - Assignment Example Conversely, one ding on separate sales and service departments is that there may be problems with satisfying customers, when sales and service messages are not in congruence. For instance, service staff may deny something that a salesperson may have already given as a promise to a potential customer. Such headaches can mean loss of business. Some management and business gurus even recommend that the integration of sales and service departments go to the extreme, by positing that the best practice is one where the sales person and the service person are one and the same individual. This guarantees maximum customer satisfaction and optimal sales. On the other hand, there are many benefits to separate sales and service departments as well. By focusing on one or the other, the two departments are able to satisfy the specific needs of the customer. The specialization between sales and service also guarantees that the staff are in the best position to field either sales concerns or service concerns. When a customer contacts customer service, the focus is on satisfying customer needs, rather than selling. Vice-versa, during the sales process, the sales department staff have the best skills to close the sale, and the focus is not on customer service per se. This yields the best results for different organizations.There are also arguments relating to the contrary aims of sales and service staff, where the former is intent on closing the sale, and the service staff is intent on making sure that the customer is satisfied.

Free Trade and Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Trade and Developing Countries - Essay Example Therefore, the notion that increasing the volume of commerce by promoting free trade would spur economic development is not applicable to all countries, especially in the developing world. This paper examines the various reasons why free trade is appropriate for promoting economic development in particular developing countries. Free trade provides more opportunities of accessing international resources in both developing and developed economies. However, unregulated access to international markets, especially of developing economies is disastrous to development and sustainability of local industry in these nations (Wilber and Jameson 1992). Therefore, for countries to reap maximum benefits of globalisation, they must device appropriate trading practices that encourage expansion of trade, while protecting the local industries at the same time. Free trade presents several benefits to developing countries. Some of the benefits include availability of cheaper and high quality commodities in the market due to increased competition. Globalisation promotes specialisation where countries specialize in large-scale production of goods and services (Barro, 1997). According to Barro (1997, p19), specialisation lowers the cost of production because the countries concentrate on production of goods and services that they can produce cheaply and more efficiently for the mass market. In addition, free trade promotes competition in the international market, which eventually benefits the consumers. According to Walter and Snyder, (2007), competition at international level compels companies to reduce the costs of their products and improve the quality in order to enhance competitiveness of their products in the market. The competition encourages innovation and adoption of more efficient technology in addition to encouraging more efficient use and management of the available resources. Therefore, free trade discourages entrenchment of monopoly in the global market. Trade monopoly c auses several adverse effects in the market, including high prices, low production and reduced quality of goods and services produced (Colman and Nixson 1986). Market expansion is another important benefit of free trade to developing countries. Industrial growth and development is usually undermined by a constricted market. According to Bates (1981), limited market especially in least developed economies undermines division of labour, which ultimately leads to low production. Free trade encourages adoption of modern technology especially in developing economies that mostly rely on traditional methods of production, limiting mass production of goods and services (Bienen and Jeffrey 1996). In spite of the existence of free trade for a considerable time, developing economies still lag behind in utilization and adoption of modern technology in production. This undermines economic development and flow of capital in developing economies (Collier, 2008). In spite of the apparent advantages of globalisation to developing economies, free trade has negatively affected the economic growth of these countries in various ways. First, free trade promotes large scale and unsustainable utilisation of the available natural resources in the country (Blanchard 2008). Some of the natural resource includes mineral deposits, such as gold, diamonds, oil, copper and platinum among other valuable

How to Become an Effective Manger and a Good Communicator Essay Example for Free

How to Become an Effective Manger and a Good Communicator Essay In order to stay on top, companies need to do more than just stay the same and keep them alive, they need to grow. And that means that their employees need to develop and improve their skills at the same pace. More than ever, managers are being encouraged to improve employee performance through effective coaching, but so few of them have the time or the knowledge. It takes to do it successfully. Based on my case study, and presentation from the other classmate, I am getting to know how they develop their most promising employees. Now in this article, I will talk about how to be an effective manager based on the staff that I have learned from BUAD 309 class. I will also talk about from problem solving to developing accountability as an effective manager. I am a table tennis coach myself, I needs to coach other players has total different back ground and age. When I am coaching people, my students are either improving fast or still remain the same, these are all good to me, because in my perspective, when people are not improving fast, means that they are absorb the knowledge I thought them. But In the business world, if you’re not growing, you’re dying. It’s a basic rule of life here on earth and in the business world today. It’s what drives most of us to be better at what we do and who we are. It’s the desire to â€Å"be more. † Because of this desire, the term â€Å"coaching† has caught the attention of both the personal growth and business worlds, creating a multibillion dollar business and a situation in which everyone wants a coach. More than ever before, employees are asking for developmental opportunities and managers are being told they need to â€Å"coach† their employees on a regular basis. We’ve even worked with managers who say they’ve been told to â€Å"stop managing and start coaching. This all sounds great in theory: managers coaching employees to grow and be more effective, but there’s one problem. Although many people agree that having a coach is a great way to move toward success, very few people know what a coach actually is or what a coach actually does. This leaves many managers scratching their heads as they try to fit one more ambiguous task into their already over-busy schedules. So what is a coach, and what is coaching? This is our definition: A coach is someone who helps another person reaches higher effectiveness by creating a dialogue that leads to awareness and action. Lorber, L 2008)By creating the space to step back, look in the mirror, and grapple with the tough questions, a coach helps a person examine and deal with their reactions to obstacles and, in a sense, â€Å"get out of their own way† as they achieve better results, in a more efficient manner. When we are faced with a task, there are three things that managers should help employees to get better and be as successful as possible: First, make sure you find and dig out the aptitude of your employees: make them understand their potential and capacity to complete the task at hand. Second, make sure your employee’s attitude right toward their jobs: make sure your employees are confidence, focus, and determination to complete the task at hand. Third, make sure you make your employees use all the available resources: make them use all the tools, equipment, and time that available that needed to complete the task at hand. Without these three components, we cannot be at the top of our game. The degrees to which each of them does or does not exist directly contribute or detract from our ultimate level of success. It can be thought of as an equation with variable components. Start with Aptitude, the most obvious component of the equation. Without the proper skills and know how to complete a task, we are left scratching our head and frustrated. Think of a kid on her birthday receiving her first shiny, new bike. She has the determination and excitement to ride her new wheels, but she lacks the skill and ability to go whizzing down the street as she envisions. (Greg P, 1993) After two or three wipeouts, you end up with a frustrated little birthday girl. Just as crucial to the equation is having the Available Resources to complete the task. Think of the last time your team at work had a great idea or new approaches to accomplishing success, but you lacked the budget, time, or people power to deal with it. You had the capacity to figure out a new solution, the drive and confidence to make it a reality, but lacked the money or people to pull it off. Not a fun place to be in, by any stretch of the imagination. As managers, and people, we are comfortable and see the need to focus on Aptitude and Available Resources. When things aren’t working in the office, managers are often very willing to train people in new skills or throw more money at the problem. However, it’s the middle part of the Success Equation. The keystone if you will that most people tend to overlook, forget about, or outright ignore. Attitude refers to things like the drive, confidence, focus, enthusiasm, determination, need, desire, fortitude, and inspiration to accomplish the task at hand. Although difficult to measure and manage, without the right Attitude, having only the Aptitude and Available Resources will get you nowhere. Unfortunately, managers often say things like, â€Å"why can’t people just do their jobs and leave all that other stuff at home. † Well, people don’t â€Å"leave all that other stuff at home† because as humans, we can’t. (Greg P, 1993) Understandably, many managers wish that this was not the case, because managing would be immensely easier if people could really â€Å"check their emotions at the door. † We got it, and, unfortunately, it’s not possible. Think of the time your work day has been affected because you were ill, or you had a fight with a family member. This doesn’t even include the events that happen at work. When rumors of a downsizing start in an organization, how many people are able to completely check their emotional reaction to the news and focus a hundred percent on their work? Not many. So, for better or worse, managers have to accept that our Attitude affects our Level of Success, and focusing on it is more than â€Å"a nice thing to do. † Like it or not, Attitude is hardwired into the Success Equation of humans, and not just as a variable on the periphery. Attitude is perhaps the most vital component in the entire equation, and focusing on it is a manager’s business imperative. Hardline business people are often most comfortable thinking of this in terms of sports. Anyone who has played sports has probably been told at one time or another to â€Å"get your head in the game,† â€Å"focus,† â€Å"get psyched up,† or â€Å"don’t think that you can’t beat these guys! † (Greg P, 1993) Sports coaches know that the confidence, drive, and determination of their athletes can make all the difference between playing and winning. I think this is the biggest connection between my sport and management. Other than the three things, I would like to talk about good communication skills as a good manager. Good communication skill means the ability to be understood, but it also means more than that. Have you ever noticed how good conversationalists have the ability to light up a conversation and inspire others to join in? You can learn to be like that too. Remember any good conversation is a two-way process. Its only as good as the responses you get but you can really improve the number and types of responses you get by honing your communication skill. Here are a few aspects of what it means to have this skill to initiate and sustain an interesting, enjoyable conversation that everyone feels better for having participated in.

Crime Control Model: Philosophy of criminal justice

Crime Control Model: Philosophy of criminal justice Crime control model refers to a philosophy of criminal justice which focuses on decreasing crime in the community through increased police and prosecutorial abilities. Crime control places emphasis on the power of the government to protect society, with less attention on individual rights. Those who take a strong stance favoring tough ways to approach crime and criminals may be characterized as supporters of crime control. The prevention of crime should ne the most important responsibility of criminal justice and crime control model because order is a necessary condition for a free society. Crime control proponents believe that criminal justice should concentrate on protecting victims rights rather than on vindicating defendants liberties. Police authority should be increased to make it easier to search, seize, investigate, arrest and convict. Legal technicalities that restraint the police should be removed and dismissed. In the crime control model, the criminal process should operat e like an assembly-line, pushing cases quickly and smoothly along toward disposition and conviction. For example, if the police make an arrest and a prosecutor files criminal charges, then the accused should be presumed guilty because the investigation of police and prosecutors is highly reliable. Overall, the main objective of the criminal justice process should be to discover the truth or to establish the factual guilt of the accused. The assumption of absolute reliability of police fact-finding is the basis of the crime control model for law enforcement and treats arrestees as if they are already found guilty. Advocates of the crime control model feel severe punishment deters crime but if the laws go unenforced, there is a high percentage of failure for apprehending and convicting criminals. The Crime Control Model requires that primary attention be paid to the efficiency with which the criminal process operates to screen suspects, determine guilt, and secure appropriate dispositions of persons convicted of crime (Packer, 1964). Crime control policies involve enforcement actions made by law enforcement agencies and the administration of the criminal justice system such as correctional facilities and courts. Most crime control polices have resulted in greater investment in law enforcement. Higher rates of incarceration have also resulted in state and federal prison due to crime control policies. In order for the m odel to favorable function, the model must produce a high rate of apprehension and conviction and must do so in a circumstance where the incidents dealt with are very abundant and the means for dealing with them are very restricted. Quick processing is an important factor of the crime control model. The criminal process, in this model, is seen as a screening process in which each successive state- prearrest investigation, arrest, postarrest investigation, preparation for trial, trial or entry of plea, conviction, disposition-involves a series of routinized operations whose success is gauged primarily by their tendency to pass the case along to a successful conclusion (Packer, 1964). Another policy of the crime control was the theory of presumption of guilt by Herbert Packer. Once a person has been arrested and investigated without being found to be probably innocent or once a determination has been made that there is enough evidence of guilt to permit holding a person for further action, then will be confidence in the reliability of the fact-finding activities that take place in the early stages of the criminal process. Until there has been judgment of guilt by an authorized legal competent such as police, the suspect is to be treated as if guilt is the verdict. The focus is to encourage the arrestee to enter a plea of guilty. Some other issues that may affect the crime control model occur because public policy making occurs in a political environment and it is most likely that crime control policies are politically possible. Crime Control Model Views The control and constraint of criminal conduct and activity is the most important factor of the crime control model. Unless crime is controlled, the rights of law-abiding citizens will not be protected, and the security of society will be diminished (Neubauer Fradella, 2010. P. 20). Responsibility, discipline, and self-control are key values in the view of crime control. Crime develops from these factors and in order to reach the goal of crime suppression, the criminal justice system needs to process arrestees efficiently. In order to do so, determining guilt according to evidence is law enforcements responsibility and fact-finding is adequately infallible to keep the innocent from being falsely punished. To achieve the goal of repressing crime, the crime control model explains the cure is to eliminate legal loopholes by curtaining the exclusionary rule, abolishing the insanity defense, allowing for preventative detention of dangerous offenders, and increasing the certainty of punis hment (Neubauer Fradella, 2010. p. 21). Supporters feel that the courts limit law enforcement and do not provide enough protection for society and claim criminals beat the system and get off easy. Advocates of the crime control model hold views supportive to the idea of repressing crime in many areas of discussion of law. When it comes to asset forfeiture, crime control proponents demand severe regulations and limitations on asset forfeiture because it unfavorably grants the government too much power and control over substantial property rights. The crime control view on drugs and its policies is you do the crime, you serve the time. The crime control model originates the mentality that drug abuse is provoked by an analysis of individual responsibility and self-control. The solution to this problem of narcotic abuse is punishment. In hopes to teach a lesson and deter others from making the same mistake, crime control supporters believe arrest and conviction will do the trick. Indigent defenses are defense cases made by those individuals who cannot afford to pay a lawyer and therefore are entitled to a lawyer free of charge. As expenditures for defense services for the indigent have risen dramatically, crime control enthusiasts are concerned that the government is paying too much for indigent defense. The adoption of stringent indigency standards and cost recovery are ways to help improve the governments economic inequality. Screening applicants more thoroughly can ensure that the applicant is truly needed of the service and cost recovery seeks partially indigent defendants to assist paying for their defense. From a practical standpoint, defendants appear to be more willing to voluntarily contribute to their costs or representation before disposition than being requested to pay after entering a plea or having been found guilty (Spangenberg et al. 1986, p. 70). To crime control defenders, the right to bail ought to be changed in the image of pretrial releas es of defendants who commit new crimes while out on bail. Inequities are the link between bail and crime. Pretrial crimes and preventative detention concerning bail reform is based on the crime control model. Vindicators of the crime control model emphasize that bail should be used to protect society. They centralize on defendants who are probably going to commit additional crimes while out on bail and stress the need for preventative detention.Many of those rearrested were initially arrested for a misdemeanor and later arrested for another minor offense (Neubauer Fradella, 2010. p. 273). Plea bargaining is the process by which a defendants pleads guilty to a criminal charge with the expectation of receiving some benefit out of it. Supporters of the crime control model believe that plea bargaining permits defendants to avoid conviction for crimes they commit. Plea bargaining often times results in lenient sentences and gives criminals the impression that courts and the law are easily manipulated. Plea bargains send the wrong message. When criminal offenders are permitted to plead guilty to lesser charges with lesser penalties, the credibility of the entire system is corrupted (LaWall, 2001). Advocates of the crime control model preached concern that too much judicial discretion led to unduly lenient sentencing. This moved legislatures to greatly reduce judicial sentencing discretion. Adherents of the crime control model were very concerned the indulgent discretion resulted in a lack of effective crime control. They recognize that criminal justice officials were making decisions that produce unnecessary leniency. They perceived trial judges were imposing sentences well below the statutory maximum and that parole boards were too wiling to release prisoners early. Crime control proponents have particular views pertaining to crime control and when it comes to the death penalty, they feel the death penalty is a deterrent in that it scares people from committing murder because they know what the end result will be. They believe that the fairness of the death penalty is unimportant or unproven and for example, African-Americans are no more likely to be executed than white Americans. The crime control model of criminal justice believes that the death penalty should be retained because it is morally acceptable to take the life of a person who has already taken another persons life (Neubauer Fradella, 2010. p. 402). Finally, the crime control model on juvenile delinquency and its courts is more adult penalties. Crime is the product of moral breakdown and it does not matter what the age is. Supporters of the crime control model feel juveniles who commit crime should take full responsibility for their actions and be punished like adults. One version of more adult penalties for juvenile offenders involves increasing the numbers of transfers to adult court. Chronic overcrowding of juvenile justice facilities is one problem often mentioned, but it is unclear how merely shuffling the overcrowding problems of juvenile facilities to already overcrowded adult courts and adult prisons will alleviate the problem (Neubauer Fradella, 2010. p. 519). Crime Control Issues For most of the last two centuries the states specialized institutions of criminal justice have dominated the field, and have treated crime as a problem to be governed through the policing, prosecution and punishment of individual law breakers. Today we see a development that enlists the activity of citizens, communities and companies, that works with more expansive conception of crime control, and that utilizes techniques and strategies that are quite different from those used by traditional criminal justice agencies. The crime control model insists on the value of efficiency. The investigative efficiency ideal-type is promised upon administrative efficiency. The crime control model is concerned with the fundamental goal of the criminal justice system. The criminal process is a battle between two opposing arguments whose interests are relentlessly antagonistic: the Individual (particularly the accused) and the State. Professor Herbert Packer of Stanford University is best known for his idealistic views on the crime control model. Some refer to his analysis as the efficiency model. He believed that the Crime Control Model accepts the probability of mistakes up to the level at which they interfere with the goal of repressing crime, either because too many guilty people are escaping or, more subtly, because general awareness of the unreliability of the process leads to a decrease in the deterrent efficacy of the criminal law. His argument was that these sets of values `compete for priority in the operation of the criminal justice process and he sought to show the way in which they were influential in shaping the system and the actions of its functionaries. Crime control models command for operational efficiency is the reliability (or investigative efficiency) of the police/prosecutorial screening process. The crime control model derives primarily from administrative and economic considerations. There is a tendency to use the term `Crime Control in two distinct sensessometimes to describe the goal of the criminal justice system and sometimes to summarize a complex of values which influences its operationand confusion inevitably follows (Duff, 1998). Herbert Packers models of the criminal justice process defined the theories we believe in today. The crime control model was built on community concerns for security and order. Packers crime control model suspects that criminal law is able to control crime without accounting for the fact, manifested by victimization studies meaning that most victims do not report crime to the police. He [Packer] assumes that punishment is necessary to control crime whereas it may achieve little in the way of general deterrence and may make things worse by stigmatizing offenders and producing defiance (Roach, 1999). The crime control model looks to the legislature, as its validating authority and allows the universal confidence that legislature pl ace on the criminal sanction. The model commends that countless cases result in a guilty plea or prosecutorial dismiss. Because the crime control model is based on factual guilt, the police are given a wide range of investigative powers to arrest people during questioning and this is often the quickest way to establish factual guilt. In conclusion, Herbert Packers crime control model, or efficiency model, is solely based on the protection of the people. In one sense of course, it does not matter what we rename this complex of values, as long as we distinguish it from the goal of Crime Control, but the term `Efficiency model does seem to capture its essence (Duff, 1998). Packer describes it as requiring that `primary attention be paid to the efficiency with which the criminal process operates, as demanding `efficiency of operation and as an `administrative, almost a managerial, model (pp. 158-9). Crime control is the overall aim of the criminal justice system and in this model, police investigations, quick prosecutions, and extreme consequences are the key.

Essay --

Rationale of CBT for adolescent obesity Till date, most of the intervention studies of childhood obesity have recommended the use of comprehensive interventions that include behavioural therapy along with changes in diet and physical activity are the most successful approaches to improving long-term weight and health status.( Jelalian E et al.,1999) American Dietetic Association (2006) and the Expert Committee on the treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity (2007) also recommend cognitive behavioural intervention as an essential component of treatment. Considerable empirical support exists for programs that incorporate some combination of techniques such as stimulus control, self-monitoring, goal setting, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, parent skills training, and relapse prevention in the treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity.(Spear BA.,2007; Johnston CA et al.,2008; Stewart L et al.,2008). Recent literature also supports and recommends the use of CBT for adolescent obesity. Cochrane review of 54 randomized clinical trials on lifestyle interventions with the aim to ascertain the most effective intervention in the treatment of childhood obesity found that a behavioural lifestyle intervention with parental involvement, is preferred over standard care or self-help.(Oude L H et al.2009). Kirschenbaum and Kristen (2013) reviewed five recent expert recommendations on the treatment of adolescent obesity and found that all of the expert committees support the use of intensive dietary intervention, physical activity, and cognitive-behavioural counselling. Cognitive behaviour therapy has been found to be effective treatment of adolescent obesity as clearly evident in the literature. With the increasing... ...home from school, stairs climbing at home or school) †¢ Psychopathology (Developmental Psychopathology Checklist by Malvika Kapoor., 2002; Child Behaviour Checklist by Thomas M Achembach.,1991) †¢ Depression Children Depression inventory II by Maria Kovacs., 2010) †¢ Anxiety (Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) by Lovibond., 1995) †¢ Stress (Stressful Life event scale for Indian children by Savita Malhotra., 1993) †¢ Body image (Body Shape Questionnaire by Cooper et al.,1986.) †¢ Self esteem (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale by Rosenberg.,1965 ) †¢ Disordered eating pattern ( (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire by T Van Strein., 1986, Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire by Jane Wardle et al., 2001) †¢ Isolation, Teasing, bullying ,Social Support , Level of concern, motivation and stage of readiness for behavioural change (Semi-structured interview schedule)

Noise Pollution Essay -- environment environmental

Noise Pollution Noise pollution is not a necessary price to pay for living in an industrial society. Much can be done to reduce the severity of the problem. For example, vehicles and other machines can be built to produce less noise. Four-cycle engines can replace much noisier two-cycle engines in such products as lawnmowers, motorboats, and jet skis. Labels that indicate the noise levels of appliances and tools can help consumers avoid noisy products and choose quieter alternatives. Even after noise is generated, steps can be taken to reduce human exposure to it. At homes or in offices, insulation of walls and double-glazing of windows can muffle sound from traffic, neighbors, and other sources from the outside world. Sound walls along highways can shield nearby neighborhoods from traffic noise. Individuals should protect themselves with earplugs or mufflike ear protectors, particularly when noise levels exceed 85 decibels. In the industrialized nations, governments have laws and policies to counter noise pollution. In the United States, at least six federal agencies are involved in controlling noise pollution. Since 1969 the FAA has monitored and controlled noise from airplanes. The agency requires that new aircraft meet specified noise standards and that old ones be retrofitted or retired. Local airport authorities, with FAA approval, reduce the impacts of noise pollution by routing flights over water or unpopulated areas on takeoff and landing, and by limiti...

Roger and Me Essay -- Documentaries Michael Moore Economy Essays

Roger And Me Roger And Me is a documentary that carries a considerable economic significance by presenting a modern version of capitalism, and by depicting an interesting example of Gunnar Myrdal’s theory of the circular and cumulative causation. Flint, the hometown of the filmmaker Michael Moore, has been built around the factories of one of the largest auto corporations in the world – General Motors. For decades on end the company has been prosperous, making high profits and keeping its workers loyal and content with their jobs and payment. Everyone in Moore’s family has worked for General Motors; the Flint residents have become not only economically but also spiritually and culturally connected with and influenced by the company – a fact that additionally explains the devastating effect of the closure of the eleven GM factories. That is where and when the tragedy begins, that is the push that sets Myrdal’s dynamics cycle in motion. General Motors close 11 of their factories in Flint, Michigan, laying off more than 30 000 workers. For people involved in capitalist economic processes that presents a disaster, since except for GM â€Å"there’s nothing out there [workers] can depend on†, says one of them – people are suddenly left with no employer to sell their labor to. The decision of GM to close down the factories is met with frustration and lack of understanding on the part of the workers, since the company is not closing down factories because of economic or financial difficulties, but because they want to realize more and more profits than they already have (and they have realized record high profits already - $5 billion in 1989). One way to satisfy the greed for higher profits is to set up production in Mexico, where GM wou... ...c processes taking place in Flint. Therefore, tourism is not, as it appears at first, the way out of the crises and out of Myrdal’s cycle. Unemployment, poverty, desolate houses, crimes, even more poverty†¦ - the circle remains closed. To a great extent, it is kept closed due to the polarization between the managers and the workers, due to the inequality gap that remains between the better and the worse off. The wealth and the greed have modified the minds of managers and directors; the lack of money has had a similar effect on the unemployed and the poor. Somewhere in this interaction between economic and cultural influences one may seek the explanation and the reason why â€Å"rich get richer, poor get poorer† – the closing line of Moore, which very clearly implies Myrdal’s theory and its perfect application with respect to the economic processes in Flint, Michigan.

I Was Born Ugly

Not the kind of Ugliness that makes my mother turn away in revulsion. But the Ugliness that makes her stare intently, taking in every rough edge and every smooth curve. Only so that she can sit awake at night and ask God what he was up to. The type of ugliness that you wear like a jacket even when it smells of dried sweat and stunted growth. Ugliness is what made effulgent barbarians out of grown men. Because civilization and sanity are only opium for civilized and sane people and civilized and sane people are beautiful people. Ugliness is what makes the painter paint, the sculptor sculpt and the writer write. Their very existence is an act of rebellion, of contumaciousness. Art is Ugliness that helps us realize nature’s deficiencies and it cannot appeal to beautiful people, it offends their being, it is objectionable and unpleasant to their senses. Ugliness is what prompted negroes to march and sing for a liberty that was supposed to be intrinsic and not take up arms. Ugliness was the fire in his bones when he stood on that podium, forsaking office and gentry and tell the truth for what it was. Yes, Ugliness was the culprit. Ugliness was the strength in her eyes when she gave that child a hug, when she held that man’s hands and told that woman it was going to be alright. Ugliness was what made her die for a cause she knew was never going to lift her out of a squalor that her family had struggled with for generations. Ugliness was what made him look at faces that opposed him and still decide that he was not going to pick that stone or utter that curse. Ugliness was what made him think that his justice and freedom were for naught if the man in the next room did not have his justice and freedom granted to him and in equal measure. Ugliness breathed in his breaths when he said an eye for an eye, and the world will go blind. Ugliness was the reason she said that if you love until it hurts there can be no more hurt only love. Ugliness was what made that promising scholar turn his back on years of academic excellence to join an army he was so clearly unfit for. For Queen and Country was what he said. Ugliness was what swam in their veins when they suspended the death sentence because they believed that Human Rights were fundamental, that they were rights for not some, not a majority but every human being. If you seek someone to blame, blame ugliness. Ugliness was what made that mother contend the sentence against her son with every thing she had and did not have. Courage? No, that was Ugliness. Ugliness is what makes that mandarin stay true to his oaths and that wife true to her vows. Ugliness is what makes the little girl kneel beside her bed every night and pray for the hands that beat her. For the tongues that curse her and for a government that does not acknowledge her. Ugliness is not a beautiful thing, a beautiful thing is that which has tried to imitate Ugliness and failed.. Ugliness is ugly.

Religious teaching Essay

‘Religious teachings offer the only sound basis for moral reasoning.’ Critically examine arguments for and against this opinion. Morality is the knowledge and practice of what is moral, which may, according to your personal view be instinctive, be associated with religion and culture, or be acquired by reasoning. Most, if not all religions have a ‘human moral code’, which follows God’s will. Religious people will consult their religious text, whether it is the Bible, Qur’an or Torah ect, when making a moral decision. Very often these religious texts will lay out a set of rules or guide lines. In Christianity it is the 10 Commandments, in Buddhism it is the 8 Fold Path. Although these ‘rules’ do provide a good moral base, if taken to their logical conclusion they are objective and absolute, leaving no room for the flexibility needed in today’s society. This is taking a Deontological approach; this is when a person has a set of rules that they consider to be absolutely right. They abide by these rules, as they are more important than the effect or outcome. We can use the example of abortion and the 10 Commandments. These religious laws state that ‘Thou shalt not kill’. If taken absolutely this means that abortion is wrong no matter what the circumstances are, even if the child will be born severely disabled or will be born into extreme poverty. For many people moral values are relative to a specific society, time and circumstances, and their moral view can change through changed circumstances, needs, beliefs and knowledge. This flexibility is known as relativism and is the opposite of absolute. This is also known as taking a Consequential approach, when a person looks to the outcome, and decides how to act to achieve that result. They have in mind the aim and believe that actions can be deemed moral if they achieve that aim – the end justifies the means. Because of this many individuals often experience conflict in making moral decisions because they have no absolute code of what is right or wrong. There are several different methods subjective morality: Utilitarianism is the view that you decide whether an action is right or wrong by looking at the consequences, and you should choose they action that will produce the most happiness/least-suffering to the greatest number of people. If we consider whether abortion is right or wrong using the utilitarianism view we would have to say that it depends on the individual situation, and whether the baby would be born healthily or not, and whether the baby would be loved, and the number of people affected by the pregnancy, amongst other things. Natural Law states that morality should use the ‘natural’ form of behaviour, and that humans and society should follow this ‘natural law’. Therefore anything that is deemed as ‘un-natural’ is wrong. This means that in the case of abortion it is always wrong, as pregnancy is a natural occurrence and it should not be ended un-naturally. Social contract theory claims that laws and morals are a human invention upon which we agree to make life better for ourselves. When making a moral decision a person would have to consider the impact upon society and people’s freedom, amongst other things. Once again considering the case of abortion, a person using social contract theory, would consider the effect having a baby would have on their lives, the lives of people around them, and how the life of the bay would be once it is born. I conclude by saying that I think that religious teachings do not offer the only sound basis for moral reasoning. I feel that the individual situation also needs to be considered when making a moral decision as every case has different circumstances. I also feel that although the religious laws do give a good, sound basis for morality the objective and absolute rules stated by religion do not leave room for the flexibility needed in today’s society.

Macadams Case Study

This Increase was necessitated by the fact that Macadam's had embarked on an solution spree Ana required tons Tuning to secular Lavas Brothers In I-array 1996, as well as to fund the investment in new factories, land and distribution warehouses across the country. The short term debt had increased by 229%. This increase would have been necessary to fund their working capital obligations, as short term debt is significantly more expensive to service than long term debt. Despite the massive increase in debt, the interest cover ratio is still healthy.This however, is not a cash based ratio and gives us no indication as to whether the many is able to make its cash payments to service the increased quantities of debt. The current ratio and quick ratio gives us an indication of the company's ability to repay its short term debt. Macadam's have a very high current ratio, which shows that on the accrual basis the company's short term assets are readily available to pay off its short term lia bilities. The inventory on hand days have increased, together with the debtor's collection period.This further exacerbates the cash flow problems as their cash is tied up in working capital. The longer collection period is probably indicative of more relaxed reedit terms – while this may boost sales and may well be a contributing factor to the increased turnover, it also presents a problem to the businesses scofflaws as well as an increased bad debt risk. Both the fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover have declined, due to an increased asset base resultant from large acquisitions in the current year, as well as the inability to use these assets as efficiently as possible.This is supported by the increased profit margin discussed below. Profitability The business displayed healthy turnover, which increased by 58. 5% from the prior ear. The group is obviously doing well in terms of growth, but perhaps they were trying to grow too fast. A 58. 5% increase in turnover cann ot be sustainable without a strong balance sheet to support it. The turnover growth in the current year (1996) was largely attributable to surging demand for their products, a favorable exchange rate for their exports and acquisitions of businesses which complement their existing operations.Their operating margin was up from 10. 8% to 14. 9% showing that the company was operating more efficiently. Net profit margin increased from 7. 4% to 8. 5%. Not only were they boosting turnover, they were also managing to increase their margins. Total net profit attributable to shareholders was up 81% from the prior year. Cash flow From the ratio analysis above as well inspection of the face of the income statement, Macadam's appear to be making higher sales and larger profits off of these sales. Upon inspection of the cash flow statement, a different picture is seen.The large increase in working capital of 595% from R 2, 7 million to R 19 million, resulted in Macadam's Delve unmade to Tuna tene t operating Ana Investing satellites. I Nils introduction between the two statements highlights the increased profitability, but negative (and worsening) cash flows. A further draw-down of increased working capital cost is explained in the balance sheet with an increase in inventory of 66% (R 12 million) to meet consumer demand which was funded out of cash resources as well as increased debtors of 129% (R 15 million) due to increased credit sales.Furthermore, creditors increased by 87% (R 8 million), which only partially offset the increase in current assets. Conclusion Macadam's is earning high sales and profits, but has serious cash flow problems I. . The business is too successful, as they are trying to grow too quickly. Cash is seen to be the lifeblood of a business and the accrual of accounting profits are meaningless unless they are converted into cash flow.There are certain options available to overcome this problem, being: ; Cutting back on growth (which is never popular) ; Increasing borrowings (which wouldn't be a wise choice, as the movement in the cash-flow statement shows an inability to service current interest payments) ; Improving working capital management (which would necessitate a cut back in Roth) ; Arrange alternative financing (a reasonable solution by means of sale and leasebacks), or ; Issue more shares (which is what was chosen) Macadam's nearly failed as a business despite the fact that they had a successful idea and product that was in high demand.They resolved this by issuing more shares to institutions for cash, as well to fund the acquisition of Livings Pros and other fixed property acquired. They also recommended a capitalization issue in lieu of cash dividends to retain as much cash reserves as possible. If I owned shares in this company at this point I would (buy/sell)

Cyber Monday & Giving Tuesday †Deep Discount Extended 48 Hours Left!

Cyber Monday & Giving Tuesday Deep Discount Offered 48 Hours Only – ACT NOW! The break over this past weekend provided us a collective pause from our busy norms to focus on the â€Å"whys† rather than the â€Å"whats† of life – to be thankful for what we have, and consider sharing our blessings with others. As we return to routine work, we have an opportunity to make a difference for others. The Tuesday following Thanksgiving is a day the world has come to recognize over the last six years as a global day of giving back. On this day our site has decided to further GIVE back to our clients. This is our way of saying â€Å"THANK YOU† to our clients. Even though, Cyber Monday is over but there is still time to make a saving with our Cyber Monday offers! Place your order now and get up to 20% off your essay, DISSERTATION or RESEARCH PAPER in the next 48 Hours. This Sales ends on November 30th, 2017 at mid-night, so ACT NOW. Use the following code to get 20% off your order: CYBER20 If you want to make the most of the sale, kindly reply to this email with the details of your assignment, or go to our website and place an order with us. Giving can mean something different to everyone. To learn more about how you can help, we encourage you to check with you local charities in your area. Two resources in particular that we have become fond of over the years include WikiPedia and Red Cross, so please consider GIVING them some donation as you deem appropriate.

The internatonal middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The internatonal middle east - Essay Example mutually agreed framework of agreements and while retaining the sovereign identity, the entire European region is considered to be one entity for trade and industrial policies. The European model has helped the region in terms of better international law, commercial relations, treaties, institutions, economic interdependence and migration. There’s another potent model which has proved its worth for the development of the region. It is the American model. In fact the US model is the older one amongst the two, but this model doesn’t find much favor with the general people in the Middle East region because of long pending issues like Israel-Palestine conflict, American military intervention in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait etc. European model is relatively a newer model based more on diplomatic approach while advancing the commercial interests of EU nations. Well, the EU model too may not be an ideal one, if we take into account the imperialistic approach adopted by the European nations against other countries, particularly the developing ones. The period prior to the World War-I has witnessed a number of instances, when the hegemony of European countries was responsible for their military and commercial influence in different parts of the region. But it appears equations have changed over the years. With the Cold-war era too gone after the disintegration of USSR into, the United States of America is now only superpower left around and by all accounts has invited wrath of many prominent leaders from the Middle East region. Taking these aspects into account it appears that the US model may not be one of the best suited for the Middle East region. The European model, being a modern one, depicting fewer adversities towards the Arab world appears more acceptable for the region instead. Taking sides on these two types of model is indeed very difficult for the Arab world, particularly because of the cases prevalent around us. On the one hand, the US intervention in Afghanistan

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment Research Paper

Historical Background of Contemporary Labor Law Individual Assignment - Research Paper Example The board’s decision to punish the employer under section 8(a) (1) was not approved by the court of appeal when the employer did appeal. This decision was taken to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari and set a stage for oral argument together with Garment Workers v. Quality Mfg. Co., 420 U. S. 276. The case was ruled in favor of the board in 1975 the judge based his ruling on the fact that section 7 has a provision for statutory right of any employee to reject submitting to his or her employer in the absence of representation from the union if he reasonably has fears that this interview will lead to him or her being punished. This case was held in essence of there being a permissible construction of some form of concerted activities, which needed mutual protection that the employee was denied. An employee pursuing representation from the union has the responsibility of representing the entire labor union. The Supreme Court believed some of the cases ruled in the past h ad flaws when compared to cases arising in the current context. The Weingarten right has been extended to those employees without labor union considering that there is need to be represented by a third party who has no stake in the issue at hand for both parties as seen in Epilepsy Foundation of Northeast Ohio, 331 NLRB No. 92, 676 (2000). One of the most serious issues that the labor law seeks to guard against is the employment of minors within any form of work structure. Use of child labor in production of goods was prohibited to such an extent that even transportation and sale of such goods was to be made illegal. This was expressed under the Act of September 1, 1916, c. 432, 39 Stat. 675. This Act was however seen as being unconstitutional since it was deemed to overshadow the commerce power that Congress enjoys and interfering with such powers that is a reserve for the state. This could be well illustrated in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918) case. A certain bill had bee n filed by a father on his behalf and also as a representative of his two sons who were minors who were employee at the Cotton Mill at Charlotte in North Carolina in view of enjoining the use of Act of Congress with the intention of averting the interstate exchange of goods from child labor. It was held by the district court that the Act was quite unconstitutional and thus entered a decree that enjoined the enforcement. This ruling was based on the fact that this was not in any way meant to regulate the foreign commerce and interstate business practices; that this Act contravened the constitution through the Tenth Amendment; and that it actually does conflict with the Fifth Amendment (Justia). As seen in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, the judge ruled on the issue of commerce powers as opposed to prohibition. The powers of commerce were limited to prescribing the rule to govern commerce but not forbidding commerce from interstate transportation of commodities. This was how ever contrary to adjudged cases in the same court which had held that the regulation powers which were given to Congress did include prohibition authority when it comes to movement of such goods. The interstate transportation was only necessary in meeting harmful results which could only be achieved through forbidding use of those facilities which were used in production of such products considered as harmful. The

EMERGING MARKETS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EMERGING MARKETS - Essay Example Banks were mostly publicly owned, although capital markets were allowed. Currently, India`s financial system is the most established in the emerging market economies. The financial systems of both countries are dominated by banks. For instance, China`s industrious savers have no choice to formal banking system. On the contrary, a significant number of Indians distrust banks but they have a preference to amass gold and real estate properties as an alternative. In addition, both governments need banks to serve social objectives, but the Indian government is more translucent concerning the shared results being worth the expense. Banks whether private or public must meet objectives for countryside access to banking services and loaning to significance sections and must distribute a needed share of their savings to public sector unions. The Chinese government`s political main concerns are to guarantee steady well-ordered liberalization of openly possessed manufacturers and economic growth adequate to captivate millions of labor force competitors, immigrants, as well as laid off employees every year. Bank loaning is still registered to finance much of this development even as banks are restructured to meet new oversea competition. Bank reforms started in earnest in 1995 when institutions and regulations were transformed to change them into commercial banks (Bosworth and Collins 2007). Practical norms for loaning were introduced, banking, secur ities as well as indemnity supervisors were developed and regulatory principles constricted. Three policy banks were established to carry on policy loaning roles and made regional heads purportedly with sufficient seniority to force bank loaning on credit worthiness criteria. The local banking system of China currently comprises of a considerable number of institutions almost all of which are under the ownership of various

What is normative question and is there a place for normative question Term Paper

What is normative question and is there a place for normative question - Term Paper Example y have the tendency of finding reason for everything they do and observe because they are not automatons who simply will do what they are asked to do. Instead, people have feelings and dreams which drive them to make sense of the things that affect their lives. Philosophers such as Plato, Confucius and Socrates asked various normative questions, trying to find not only the meaning and reason behind the norms but also the meaning and reason of living itself. However, it does not always take a philosopher to ask these questions. Normative questions have been asked even by nameless, faceless children. Normative questions are the opposite of positive questions. While normative questions focus on value, positive questions concentrate on the facts. For instance, normative questions will ask if a norm is good or bad or if it is right or wrong but positive questions inquire about the how the world moves, what is the distance between the moon and the earth or the speed of a falling body. In other words, positive questions spark a person’s interest on things that can be described and measured and answered with proofs such as statistics and experiments. The answers for normative questions on the other hand, are based on experience and general observations. In the world today wherein wisdom and intelligence are equated with knowledge about facts, normative questions are not as desired as positive questions. It seems that more and more people are interested in finding out about facts that science can explain. Many people are abandoning the teachings of religions because they claim that only unquestioning fanatics get fooled by the inaccurate teachings of religions. Stories in the Bible, Qu’ran and other religious books have become mere fairytales which only our â€Å"uneducated† ancestors believed to be true. Those who follow such teachings are not considered bright enough to see that they believe stories made up by men. This then brings the issue whether normative

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit - Research Paper Example Christians believe in the existence of a single and most powerful superpower. They use the church for worship and education purposes. The church from a Christian point of view is not just the physical building, rather it constitutes the congregation as well as the believe system of the Christians. They are followers of Christ, and therefore do everything according to the teachings of the bible. In order to perform optimally in their activities, Christians are endowed with various gifts. These abilities enable them to perform both general and specialized duties and help each other in different ways. Believably, the gifs come from God and are given by the Holy Spirit to the deserving Christians. It is against this background that this paper provides an in depth analysis of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. It argues that all gifts of the Holy Spirit are for today but some have ceased and are inexistent. To ensure a coherent view, it begins by defining the concept of spiritual gifts. Defining a Spiritual Gift The concept of a spiritual gift is complex and all encompassing. A spiritual gift is akin to spirituals, implying that it belongs to the spirit. In addition to having characteristics of a holy spirit, the gift is controlled by the spirit. Generally, Boice defines it as a special capability given by God which enables Christians to serve the church effectively.1. They are supernatural in nature and Christians need them in order to fulfil different missions in the church environment. They are given graciously by God to any individual He feels can serve the church according to His wishes. From these considerations, individuals who are gifted do not earn the respective gifts. Neither do they deserve them. They are merely given sovereignty and freely by the Almighty God. They are not rewards and therefore everybody is entitled to them. Also worth appreciating is the recognition that all gifts are charismatic in nature. Put differently, all of these are given by God through the Holy Spirit. Based on the preceding explanation, it is certain that humans do not posses these gifts. They can be revoked at any time when God through the Holy Spirit feels that an individual is not using them as expected. They act as an ideal channel that the Holy Spirit uses to minister to the church. Christians in this sense are just instruments that are moulded to fit the spiritual expectations. In order to receive these gifts, the respective human soul needs to exhibit willingness. Only then can they be able to effectively utilize the gifts in line with the Godly expectations. An important characteristic of these gifts pertains to the recognition that they are closely related to natural abilities of an individual. Yet they also have a miraculous characteristic. This distinguishes them from the ‘normal’ abilities that the Christians have. To ensure optimal performance however, one is gifted with a gift that is closely related to his or her natural ability2. The gifts of the Hol y Spirit are for today. They are relevant to the church settings and used by the Christians to benefit themselves as well as the entire church. They can only be recognized and utilized when they are needed. Seemingly, some of the gifts of the Holy Spirit such as apostolic and the gifts of signs have ceased. To a great extent, this is attributable to the recognition that they are no longer needed by the church. The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Apostleship This gift is classified under the leadership category of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. According to Gangel, an apostle is a messenger who is sent by God with orders to deliver to a specific population3. An apostle is delegated authority by God through the Holy Spirit to represent Him in especially a foreign land. Biblically, apostles were the very initial leaders of the Christian church. They were commissioned by Jesus Christ to preach the gospel and ensure that is spreads to the entire globe. In this respect, apostles were a

Wild vs. lab rodent comparison supports hygiene hypothesis Article

Wild vs. lab rodent comparison supports hygiene hypothesis - Article Example This makes sense, since over 58 million Americans have some form of allergies or autoimmune disease (Merritt, 2006). This has been supported by the levels of different types of antibodies found when comparing laboratory rats and mice to those trapped in the wild (Devalapalli et al., 2006). While exposure to fewer microbes in childhood may cause higher levels of allergies, it is also related to positive benefits such as reduced infant mortality and increased longevity (Wills-Karp, Santeliz, & Karp, 2001). Therefore, while reduced exposure to microbes could in fact lead to increased incidence of allergies and auto-immune diseases, as shown by the hygiene hypothesis and the immune responses of laboratory rodents, there is still clear benefit to living in a society that values hygiene. References Devalapalli, A. P., Lesher, A., Shieh, K., Solow, J. S., Everett, M. L., Edala, A. S., . . . Parker, W. (2006). Increased Levels of IgE and Autoreactive, Polyreactive IgG in Wild Rodents: Implic ations for the Hygiene Hypothesis. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 64(2), 125-136. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01785.x Merritt, R. (2006, 16 Jun).

Financial Management and Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Management and Accounting - Assignment Example revenues, and expenses attributable to a business that would eventually lead to either a surplus or deficit in the case of a not for profit business. The total profit margin should be used as a metric that is helpful in the assessment of the financial strength of a company. The strength of a company in terms of finances is determined by analyzing the percentage of money that remains after total expenses are deducted form the income of a company. The total profit margin is calculated using the following formula; In a business, there are 2 forms of cash flows; cash inflow, and cash out flow. Cash inflow to a business is the revenue that may is incurred from the normal running of the business. The other forms of cash inflows include dividends that a company receives from investing in other businesses. Cash out flows are the cash amounts that a business uses in the running of the business. They may include the payment of business expenses, acquisition of equipment, and the payment of dividends to shareholders of the business. The cash flow to Brandywine Homecare is $12 million that results from the revenue of the business. The doubling of the depreciation charge as a result of changes in calculation procedures would make it to be equivalent to $3 million. The increase in depreciation charge would make the net income to be less by an amount equivalent to the increase in the depreciation charge. However, the increase in the value of the depreciation charge would not affect the cash flow of the company. This is because depreciation charge is termed as a non cash item and therefore has no effect on the cash flows of the business. If the depreciation expense was reduced by a half, the net profit would increase by an amount equal to the decrease. That means that the depreciation charge would be equal to $0.75 million. The total profit margin would reduce by a half while the cash flow would remain

The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Despite the recent surge in media coverage regarding genetically modified foods (GM foods) many Americans are unaware of what these foods are, or the possible benefits and dangers associated with them. Sometimes referred to as agricultural biotechnology; genetic modifying means that the DNA of food has been altered in some way at a cellular level. Scientists have learned that by inserting the genetic information from one organism into another they can create food crops that grow larger, stay fresh longer and are equipped with their own pesticides. GM foods have been a common part of the national diet since the early 90s. As with many scientific advances; e. g. , using chemo therapy to treat cancer, or underwater oil drilling, there have been unexpected, negative side effects. Genetically modified foods are not the super-food they claim to be. Until further research has been done to verify their safety, and prove they do not pose a threat to human health, the environment, and agricultural bio-diversity the use of GM foods should be banned or drastically limited in the United States. Human Health Many opponents to GM foods have raised concerns regarding the vast potential for these crops to cause allergic reactions in humans. A medical investigation done in India in 2005 determined that hundreds of agricultural workers developed allergies after being exposed to genetically modified cotton that contained Bacillus thuringensis (bt) toxins (Saunders, Ho, Cummins, 2007). Bt toxins are common biological pesticides that can be found in products like Roundup; a popular brand of household weed killer. Monsanto, the makers of Roundup, is also currently the world leader in GM food production. Similar research in parts of China and Africa also found a significant increase in the number of allergic reactions reported by agricultural works (Saunders, Ho, Cummins, 2007). The Journal of Hematology Thromboembolic Diseases published the results of study done on rodents that yielded frightening results. It was determined that there was a significant detrimental effect to the liver and kidneys of rats fed a strictly GM maize diet. The negative effects were caused by the mutagenic properties of genetically altered foods and the presence of Bt toxins transferred to and detected in the blood of the animals. The study concluded that before these foods can be considered safe for human consumption there will need to be longer studies completed on the effects of the toxins (Mezzomo, Miranda-Vilela, Freire, Barbosa, Portiho, 2013). Bt toxins, which have also been found in crops of soy and corn, are added to crops in hopes of reducing pests like weeds without the use of external combatants. The Environment The toxins produced by GM crops are not only dangerous to humans; they can be harmful to the environment as well. One pledge listed on Monsanto’s website states â€Å"We will use sound and innovative science and thoughtful and effective stewardship to deliver high-quality products that are beneficial to our customers and to the environment† (Monsanto, 2013). Many people have questioned the truthfulness of this promise. Prior to the wide-spread use of GM crops, there were multiple concerns regarding the over-use of chemical pesticides applied through sprays. Consumers have been told that by genetically altering the foods so they can produce their own pesticides there would be a vast reduction in the need for sprayed chemicals. Recent studies have shown that this is not the case. A 2007 survey of farmers who grew maize, soy, and other pesticide tolerant crops showed an increase of 383 million pounds more pesticide used than they would have required with non-tolerant seeds. The use of herbicides rose 31. 4% from 2007 to 2008 on GM crops. It was shown that as the weeds become increasingly tolerant to common pesticides like Bt toxins there will be increased need for external chemical pesticides (Budinger, 2013). Washington State University researcher, Charles Benbrook, likened the overuse Bt toxins to the overuse of antibiotics to treat common infections and stated that Its very much the same dynamic in play. By genetically altering corn, soybeans, and cotton so they can be sprayed throughout the growing season, farmers are now spraying their fields three times a season. Naturally as the weeds grow more tolerant they pass that trait to next generation, creating what is commonly referred to as a â€Å"super-weed† (Koebler, 2013). Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide used in many GM crops. The makers of Roundup have long reported that this is a safe alternative to chemical pesticides. Although this type of herbicide may be more desirable than its purely chemical rivals there are still environmental factors that must be considered. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has stated that glyphosate has been proven to be deadly to earthworms. The decreased number of earthworms has resulted in a significant decrease of the bird populations in many areas where GM crops are grown (USDA, 2013). There has been no ruling against the use of Bt toxins in the United States however the French court has over-ruled Monsanto’s claims that there are no harmful effects to humans or the environment in 2009 (Marshall, 2013). Threats to Agricultural Biodiversity Concerns have also been raised by scientists and environmentalists regarding unintended effects of Bt toxins on non-targeted animals and insects. If the weeds can grow tolerant of the pesticides, it is logical to believe that insect pests may develop a resistance as well. This will cause there to be a spike in the pest insect population causing and imbalance in their relationship to preying animals (John Innes Centre, 2013). The most alarming effects of pesticides are related to the recent phenomenon of disappearing bees known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). This, however, is not related to Bt toxins; it is believed to be caused by neonicotinoids, a class of neuro-active insecticides produced by Bayer, the second world leader in GM crop production. A study done by The Harvard School of Public Health was able to recreate CCD by introducing neonicotinoids to four bee colonies. The study showed that bees exposed to high amount of neonicotinoids perished quickly, however the colonies exposed to small amounts over a period of four months also eventually succumbed to CCD. Alex Lu, an associate professor of environmental exposure biology in the Department of Environmental Health led the study and stated â€Å"â€Å"The significance of bees to agriculture cannot be underestimated, and it apparently doesn’t take much of the pesticide to affect the bees. Our experiment included pesticide amounts below what is normally present in the environment† (Chensheng Lu, Kenneth M. Warchol, Richard A. Callahan. 2012). False Promises It is arguable that GM food manufacturers could not anticipate such harmful effects on humans and the environment and therefore we can view their statements regarding health and safety as non-malicious, however, there have also been false claims made by Monsanto that make it extremely difficult for the consumers to have faith in their practices. A Monsanto-trained scientist, Dr. Florence Wambugu, claimed that the sweet potatoes grown on a test farm in Africa showed a higher yield that of the non-modified variety grown on the same farm. This caused many proponents of GM foods to claim that international cultivation of these crops will solve our world hunger problems by creating a sustainable food source. It was later discovered that the claims made by Wambugu were untrue and, in fact, the GM sweet potatoes died out much sooner than the naturally grown counter-part. A similar study done in Uganda has also shown that non-GM sweet potatoes produce higher yield. Multiple unsuccessful studies were done on gm sweet potatoes spanning a 12-year period and costing over $6 million (The Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging at San Jose State University, 2013). The World Bank and four United Nations agencies completed a study in 2008 and concluded that GM crops are not the solution for creating a sustainable food source. The study found that the sustainability of these crops is unreliable and whereas the yield was higher in some areas, it was significantly lower in others. The study also showed that organic and near organic farming had a much higher success rate in Africa where there is an emergent need for more food. (Vazakas, Arvanitoyannis, Baltas, 2007) There has been a limited amount of research done to prove the efficacy and safety of GM foods and despite claims that they are not safe for human consumption, they are becoming increasingly harder for Americans to avoid. Since the introduction of GM food there has been a substantial increase in the number of food allergies reported each year in the United States (Will Genetically Engineered Foods Cause Allergic Reactions?, 2006) . The World Health Organization has concluded that further research and monitoring of public health records will need to done before a conclusive answer can be reached (World Health Organization, 2013). It is imperative that the American people educate themselves on the negative side effects of GM foods and put a halt to the practices of GM food giants like Monsanto and Bayer. References Budinger, M. (2013). Whoops! The Legacy of Genetically Engineered Food. Retrieved from http://arizonaadvancedmedicine.com/articles/genetically_engineered_food. html Chensheng Lu, Kenneth M. Warchol, Richard A. Callahan. In situ replication of honey bee colony collapse disorder. Bulletin of Insectology. 2012. John Innes Centre. (2013, May). Impact of growing GM crops on biodiversity. Retrieved from http://www. jic. ac. uk/corporate/about/publications/gm-debate/gm-impact-on-biodiversity. htm Koebler, J. (2013, June). Herbicide-Resistant Super Weeds Increasingly Plaguing Farmers. Retrieved from http://www. usnews.com/news/articles/2012/10/19/herbicide-resistant-super-weeds-increasingly-plaguing-farmers Marshall, E. (2013). European Ruling Curbs Monsantos Claims on GM Crops. Retrieved from http://news. sciencemag. org/scienceinsider/2010/07/european-ruling-curbs-monsantos. html? rss=1 Mezzomo, B. P. , Miranda-Vilela, A. L. , Freire, I. S. , Barbosa, L. P. , Portiho, F. A. (2013). Hematotoxicity of Bacillus Thuringiensis. Journal of Hematology Thromboembolic Diseases, 1(1), 1-9. Monsanto. (2013). monsanto. com. Retrieved from http://www. monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/Issues-and-Answers. aspx Saunders, P. , Ho, M. , Cummins, J. (2007, March). GM Food Nightmare Unfolding in the Regulatory Sham. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. , 19(2), 66-77. The Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging at San Jose State University. (2013). Harvest of Fear. Retrieved from http://www. nufs. sjsu. edu/clariebh/Harvest%20of%20Fear. html USDA. (2013). Draft Environmental Impact Statment November 2009. Retrieved from http://www. aphis. usda. gov/biotechnology/downloads/alfalfa/gealfalfa_deis.pdf Vazakas, T. H. , Arvanitoyannis, I. S. , Baltas, H. (2007, October). The Polotics and Science behind GMO Acceptance. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47(4), 335-61. Will Genetically Engineered Foods Cause Allergic Reactions? (2006, October 5). American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Retrieved from http://www. asbmb. org/ World Health Organization. (2013). Evaluation of Allergenicity of Genetically Modified Foods. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/en/ec_jan2001. pdf.