Sports Enhancing Drugs Is Great for sports Personal...

Sports are full of entertainment and great players. Imagine if the players were boosted with skills and performed like the monster on the movie Space Jam. This would be amazing if you never watched space jam I highly recommended you do so. The movie was great; it had one of the worlds best athletes in it Michal Jordan. He is known as one of the greatest basketball players ever to play the game. Space jam can show how an extra boost can improve players’ game play to the next level. Athletes should be able to use sports enhancing drugs to boost performance for better play and fan entertainment. Think of a world where athletes are stronger, faster and more physical then today normal athletes. This would be great for fans that enjoy†¦show more content†¦With all this evidence that great players use banned drugs. It should be allowed in the games to create more great players. So many fans are let down when they hear that their favorite athlete accomplished their goals by c heating. So why not change the rules to make the fans happy? We have seen throughout history that sport enhancing drugs leave a dark shadow over the sports world, it seems it will always be around sports, so why not make it part of the game. Allowing players to use Sports enhancing drugs would be great. Players wouldn’t have to lie about how they got where they got. They could build better relationships with their fans. As a fan of sports it breaks my heart to hear my favorite player cheated, it turns them into the bad guy. In reality athletes are using sport enhancement drugs to gain an edge on performance, make more money and gain quicker results in their profession. If athletes are found using sports enhancing drugs they could be fined, stripped of metals, trophies and face suspension. But ultimately their name is ruined because there’re known for cheating. Mark McGwire admitted to using a sport enhancing drug when he broke the single season home run record in 1998(Cons). There was so much controversy over him cheating, it impacted him negatively. With the career he had, he was supposed to make the hall of fame, but due to cheating he still hasn’t got inducted. This should change because he brokeShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility in Sports3830 Words   |  16 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 1. INTRODUCTION Over the past several years the sports industry has grown phenomenally, and it now ranks among the largest industries in the world. Concomitant with its growth is an increase in the importance of a element of value which is the corporate social responsibility which has become a necessity in terms of the bottom line. Illegal and immoral activities in all settings have emerged to the point that some factions of the society have made efforts toRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. 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Mass production requires mass consumption which in turn requires advertising to the mass market through the mass media. Advertising is not easily defined, though many people have tried. Narrowly, it means a paid form of non-personal communication that is transmitted through mass media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, direct mail, public transport vehicles, outdoor displays and also the Internet, which aims to persuade, inform, or sell. It flourishes mainly inRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 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Alcoholics Anonymous ( Aa ) And How It Works And What...

For this reflection, the focus is to look closer at Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and how it works and what makes it successful. AA is a group that was a group formed for those members that are powerless over alcohol (Van Wormer, Davis, 2013). I attended AA meetings in Cincinnati on Monday-Friday at noon. I have been attending daily since October 3rd, except for weekends. There are usually about 30 to 50 participants in each session. There are beginner’s meetings, open and closed meetings all at the same place working together for the first fifteen minutes. The facilitators would open the meeting by introducing himself as an alcoholic and welcome everyone for attending. He asks for new members and visitors. This is a nice touch as it seems very inviting as it gives that feeling of warmth from the beginning. The facilitator also asks for any out of town visitors and lastly if there are any anniversaries. There were two during my observation, one guy had reached 1 year and one lady had 5 years. Both were given a coin to celebrate their sobriety and a warm celebratory praise from the group. They both were given the opportunity to speak if they chose and they both declined. Preamble is then read by the chairperson or a member. This states the purpose of AA and why you are here and what you would expect by attending (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. 2005). For example, you would not have any fees, and the only requirement for membership is a desire to stop drinking.Show MoreRelatedAlcoholism : A Serious Issue1311 Words   |  6 PagesPeople turn to alcohol to escape and not feel whatever it is that they are going through. Most alcoholics drink because they cannot deal with being sober, and eventually they drink to overcome the severe mental craving for alcohol. Alcoholism destroys families, it affects everyone close to the alcoholic in a negative way, and work/school suffers. Relationships suffer due to alcoholism, and often the alcoholic loses family and friends. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 dieRead MoreThe 12 Steps Of Alcoholics Anonymous852 Words   |  4 PagesBased on this disclosure and admission, I wa s able to begin my work. I reinforced what the treatment center began to implement, the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. We created a structured schedule of meetings and the 12-step work began. Weekly he came to therapy and we â€Å"sparred† back and forth of his lack of interest and motivation on the program. It became clear to me that I was not making any headway on this type of counseling and my client could be in danger of relapse. I suggested over andRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 Pagesand threatening to one’s family and social life. Many have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar, or anxietyRead MoreCounseling For Alcohol And Drug Abuse1679 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of counseling to create a structured program. Alcoholics Anonymous has given a wonderful platform of structure for the addicted ones to create a safe, solid, 12 Step guideline to follow, in order to maintain â€Å"Continual Sobriety,† â€Å"One day at a time.† Many counselors use this model for counseling and or incorporate this theory in tandem with other modalities of counseling. Since its conception in 1935, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has grown to be the most widely used organization for theRead MoreThe 12 Steps Of Counseling1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe 12 Steps are Vital in Successful Counseling In Counseling for Alcohol and Drug Abuse, the need to use different techniques is an iatrical part of the process. Working with an individual that is either entering into recovery or actively in recovery, the clinician must take their time with introducing the 12 Steps. The individual may not be open to the 12 Step philosophy right away. Addiction is very complex and actively affects the person on a daily basis; therefore, it is so important to beginRead MoreQuestions On Alcohol Anonymous Meetings1531 Words   |  7 PagesFabian Castaneda Mrs.Kehrmeyer Contemp.Comp 15 April 2016 AA Meetings Alcohol Anonymous meetings are for people who are struggling with alcohol problems to the point where they drink, get physical with there wife or kids and become very abusive while drunk. and they cannot give that up so they look for change and go to these AA meetings in hope that they will change. Although for some people these meeting are successful, but only 31 percent of members were sober for less than a year s timeRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous By Bill Wilson2032 Words   |  9 PagesAlcoholics anonymous was founded in 1935 by a stock broker, Bill Wilson, and a surgeon, Robert Smith. Wilson being a recovering alcoholic had originally attended the Oxford Group, which was a Christian fellowship that based their teachings that all people are sinners and all sinners can be changed. While Wilson later credited the Oxford Group for saving his life, he separated from them, and in his desperation to recover from his own alcoholism he decided to form a group where alcoholics could g etRead MoreHigh Functioning Alcoholics Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesHigh Functioning Alcoholics (HFAs) differ from regular alcoholics because they are responsible and can maintain healthy romantic and family relationships (Addiction Intervention). They live a double life, where one moment they may be drunk and partying, and the next be a mother and wife. Statistically most HFAs are white with a professional job such as a, healthcare provider, manager/administration, professional technicians, teachers, and sales people. 89% of HFAs are White, 20% Managers/AdminRead Moreweek4groupd 445interventionstrategiessummary Essays1493 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking has kept her from performing to her best ability. By presenting the cause and effect, the counselor is able to reveal certain truths to Tonya. Intervention Strategies Alcoholics often have a difficult time acknowledging, understanding, believing or admitting there is a problem. In the scenario 12 video, â€Å"Alcoholic in Denial† this person is no different. The therapist uses several strategies to portray a need for Tonya to change. This is initially done through motivational interviewingRead MoreAlcoholism Is A Problem Of Society And What Steps Can Be Taken As A Solution1200 Words   |  5 Pagesit’s Friday night and you’re just chilling at home it’s about midnight when a loved one walks through the door and is stumbling around - mumbling profusely. You ask them what happened and they respond â€Å"Nothing, I’m perfectly fine.† You try and help them but as you get closer you get a strong whiff of stale vodka. You ask them how much they’ve had to drink but when they open their mouth to answer, instead of words coming out, puke does. If you don’t want this happening to people you love, th en something

Agrippina during Claudius reign Essay Example For Students

Agrippina during Claudius reign Essay Agrippina during Claudius reign BY Jern330 AGRIPPINAS ROLE DURING THE REIGN OF CLAUDIUS AND HOW IT ALLOWED HER TO INCREASE HER POWER Agrippinas role during the reign Claudius began when she was recalled from exile in 39AD, after the death of Gaius. After the fall of Claudius previous wife Messalina, she used her powerful family bloodline as an incentive for marriage. During her years of marriage she was greatly influential, received many privileges and secure the succession by convincing Claudius to adopt Nero. The eath of Messalina opened a new window of opportunity for Agrippina to achieve her lifes ambition of watching her son, Nero, ascend the throne. To do this, she had Lucius Vitellius, convince the senate to change their laws on incest, as Claudius was her uncle. According to the ancient sources, Tacitus and Suetonius, she used seductive methods to gain Claudius affections. Claudius was also intent on the marriage, because unlike his predecessors, Gaius and Tiberius, he had not been adopted into the Julian family. Marrying Agrippina would unite the families. Agrippina was a significant influence on her husband. This was devious through her possession of power and dominance. Cassius Dio describes her as she had more power than Claudius himself and she possessed all power, since she dominated Claudius. According to the ancient sources, Agrippinas role during the reign of Claudius was as a dominating co-ruler, who was different to the accepted role of women. An example of this is when she used her power to interfere with political decisions, and removed the leaders of the Praetorian Guard who showed sympathies owards Britannicus, Claudius son. When Caratacus, leader of the Britons, was captured and faced Roman Justice, Agrippina sat closely by. Tacitus accounts for this event, describing the British king paid the same homage and gratitude as they would have given the emperor. This indicates her close association with the ruling the empire. Although the ancient sources attempt to discredit Claudius, modern sources suggest he ruled with more effectiveness than his predecessors. Anthony Barrett, also hints at Agrippinas important role, which is discussed in Agrippinas resence seems to have transformed the regime of her husband. During Claudius years of reigning, Agrippina received many privileges. An example of her recognition outside of Rome was when she had a colony instated at her birthplace, Ara Uborium. The name of the colony, Colonia Claudia Ara Augusta Agrippinesium, was titled as recognition of both her and Claudius. She was also granted the privilege of being driven to the capitol in a carpentum, which is a right usu ally reserved for priests and holy objects. She was given her own Praetorian guard, and in 50 AD was awarded the title of Augusta. After that her name appeared on many inscriptions and her face appeared on the obverse side of coins with her husband, which indicates her power and authority. Agrippinas final display of power during Claudius reign is shown when she successfully convinces him to adopt her son, Nero, as his successor in 51 AD. Claudius fell ill in 53 AD. Agrippina convinced Claudius to inform the senate that if he were to suddenly die, Nero would take over. She was also able to strive for the betrothal of Nero to Claudius daughter, Octavia, and then have her adopted out so their marriage would not be considered incest. In 54 AD, Claudius died. The ancient sources nolo Agrlpplna responslDle Tor nls aeatn, as sne naa a strong motive Tor wanting him killed. This was done to make sure Nero was the next Princeps. After the fall of Messalina, she used her powerful family bloodline as an incentive for privileges and succession in convincing Claudius to adopt Nero.

Snap

Abstract The Snap-On project involved the conversion of the company’s order entry system to the ERP system. The company obtained the system from Baan Co. The system took three years of design and deployment. However, the new system for making order entry turned to be a disaster for the company. It resulted in â€Å"$50 million in lost sales for the first half of 1998† (Stein, 1998). It also created delays in the delivery of orders and wrong number of inventories.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Snap-on tools conversion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Snap-On experienced a surge in operating costs by 40 percent. This cost resulted from the need to â€Å"cover costs of extra freight and temporary workers† (Stein, 1998). The deployed system also affected dealers because most of them could not operate the new software, and they went to rival companies. During the fiscal year of 1998, th e company recorded a decline in profit by 22 percent as compared to the previous year. The ERP system has a crucial role in most important aspects of an organization, both internal and external. Therefore, effective implementation of the project and its subsequent usages are significant to performance and continuity of any firm. Introduction In the past decades, Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP) systems have taken center stage in the development of information technology among many firms. The adoption of ERP systems in an organization involves complex processes, many stakeholders, and deployment of other resources in order to achieve the desired outcome under pressure and time constraints amidst unforeseen challenges. Therefore, for an organization to remain competitive in an evolving marketplace, it must deploy the ERP system to for efficiency and effective services to its customers. Although the system can provide numerous benefits, there are high rates of failure during the dep loyment process as was the case of the Snap-On conversion project. It resulted in massive losses, increase in costs, loss of customers, wrong deliveries, and miscounted inventories. In most circumstances, firms do not adhere to the most important warnings that may indicate the possibility of a project failure. Therefore, it is necessary for a firm to identify issues that could lead to success or failure of a noble project (Kuang, Lau and Nah, 2001). The jumbled initiation of the Baan enterprise software contributed to massive financial difficulties for Snap-On Inc. The company recognized that challenges with the implementation of the system would result in 40 percent losses in the second quarter. Challenges occurred due to the learning curve for the new system and system failures and delays. These factors contributed to poor standard of services at Snap-On. For instance, there were unwanted impacts on sales, customer service, expenses, and productivity.Advertising Looking for r esearch paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Snap-On Project Simplify was among the top ten failures of the time Snap-On had acquired the Baan’s software for manufacturing, distribution, and financial in 1994. The company referred to the initiative as the Project Simplify. Implementation of the system formed the part of a broad Project Simplify, which originally aimed at changing the entire business processes and facilitating delivery of products and services to Snap-On independent dealers. However, serious issues during the implementation resulted in a massive loss of $50 million in sales. This was according to the published report on the project. However, both Snap-On and Baan did not comment on the exact nature of the problem. Baan noted that they would assist Snap-On to rollout its system. However, during the implementation, Baan did not take active role in the process because Snap-On introduced another consulting company (Booz, Allen Hamilton) to implement the system. Baan noted that challenges resulted from a large scope of the project in terms of several years of plan, million-dollar costs, and it observed that during the purchase of the system, Snap-On engaged in 17 new acquisitions and introduced hundreds of products within those years. Observers noted that Snap-On was undertaking a critical reengineering and implementation of the ERP system. The system aimed to streamline its operations and enhance communication, coordination, and relationships with independent dealers. Thus, this was a magnitude project, which was also a part of the issue. Although the implementation process could not avoid short-term issues, Snap-On tried to replace its old method of doing business with a single ERP solution in a single phase. This was the most important source of a long-term failure to the company. Thus, the failure forced the company to restructure, close some business operation, and integrate and consolidate the significant units with a new system. There are critical success factors for implementation of a project (Davenport, 2000). From the failure, it is obvious that Snap-On did not identify factors, which could have resulted in successful implementation of the project.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Snap-on tools conversion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Snap-On case shows that various factors can lead to a project failure or successful rollout. Clearly, the project lacked a good project management approach. Consequently, it did not integrate various units of the business. Details regarding the level of participation in the implementation of the project among the top management of Snap-On have remained scarce. However, studies have demonstrated that effective implementation of a project requires optimal support from the company’s senior executives. This is nec essary because implementation of a project affects the most important operations of an existing organization. In addition, the project also involves a huge amount of resources. Therefore, senior executives should provide their supports to the project in terms of decision-making. The system developers (Baan) did not take active role in the implementation of the system. Instead, Snap-On introduced an external consultant to implement the project. One can also attribute the failure of the project to the use of the external consultant (Booz, Allen Hamilton). Studies have also noted that the use of external consultants have contributed to failures of some projects (Wong and Tein, n.d). Implementation of an ERP system in an organization needs expertise and sound knowledge of specific business operations in order to implement the system to fit all units and external stakeholders. It is critical to note that finding good consultants for technical ERP solutions is difficult. Expertise and co mpetence of the project team can also have significant impacts on the overall implementation of the ERP system. A skilled team spends the minimum amount of resources to ensure that the project is successful with minimum issues. An experienced project team also has effective methods of risk management during the implementation phase. The Project Simplify covered the entire company, including independent dealers of Snap-On. Therefore, it was necessary for Snap-On to develop clear objectives, focus, and scope of the project before its implementation. A lack of a clear strategic plan in implementation of a project usually leads to failure. This was vital for Snap-On because it wanted to change and overhaul the old method of its business operations. Other factors, which could have contributed to the failure of the ERP solution, were likely to be change management challenges, a lack of effective training prior to deployment of the system, and culture of the organization. Thus, effective p roject management is a key to successful implementation of the project.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This also ensures that the project achieved the desired outcomes with allocated resources. A firm’s culture in which employees have common values and objectives and willing to accept changes is likely to thrive in the implementation of the project. Change agents in an organization are important facilitators of change through communication. Moreover, they have the ability to leverage the firm’s culture as a way of facilitating change in the organization. Firms should include user training in their programs. The lack of training among others users of the Snap-On’s ERP system led to its failure. There were cases of wrong inventories, counts, and orders. Such challenges led to delays in delivery and eventually the loss of dealers, who turned to competitors. Snap-On used the opportunity as a form of reengineering its business operations. However, there were challenges with the integration of the ongoing business practices and the new ERP system. On this note, organiz ations should realize that the ERP systems would not solve all challenges in the organization, at least during the implementation stage. Snap-On attempted to transfer all its operations and business units to the system in a single phase. This was disastrous. The failure to train users on the new system could have resulted from a lack of interdepartmental coordination and communication. During the implementation process, it is necessary for different departments to test and provide their feedback concerning system challenges. This provides an opportunity to understand technical challenges with the system and methods of addressing the said issues. Researchers have noted that most organizations seem to ignore the idea of risk management in the implementation of ERP solutions (Wong and Tein, n.d). Snap-on failed to provide a plan for risk management during the implementation of the Project Simplify. The company should have a clear plan of managing any potential risks during implementati on of a project to avoid its total failure. In short, failure to understand factors that ensure successful implementation of an ERP system led to the failure of Project Simplify at Snap-On. Effective understanding of these factors can aid senior executives to make critical decisions in order to avert failures by providing the necessary support in various areas and during various stages in the implementation process (Chen, 2001). Conclusion The implementation of a new system in a firm is a multifaceted initiative that requires careful planning. The case of Snap-On shows that the project is a high-risk undertaking that requires careful planning and execution because it affects all operations of the business units, including external partners. ERP solutions are expensive. Therefore, they require management to make complex decisions during their implementation. The impact of the system on the entire business requires that a project team should have the right expertise and knowledge to i mplement the project successfully. Effective implementation of the ERP solution in an organization requires the right team, resources, and careful planning. The organization must take initiatives to train its people and dealers on suitability and effective uses of the system before deployment. It is also important to align the business needs and strategic objectives with the ERP system. Overall, the organization must also identify all success factors and possible risks in order to ensure successful implementation. References Chen, I. (2001). lanning for ERP system: Analysis and Future Trend. Business Process Management Journal, 7(5), 347-386. Davenport, T. (2000). Mission Critical: Realizing the Promise of Enterprise Systems. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kuang, J., Lau, S., and Nah, H. (2001). Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems. Business Process Management Journal, 7(3), 285-296. Stein, T. (1998). Snap-on Retools Amid IT Problems . Web. Wo ng, B., and Tein, D. (n.d). Critical Success Factors for ERP Projects. Web. This research paper on Snap-on tools conversion was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

contract essays

contract essays Exclusion and Exemption Clauses. 166-170, 278, 281, 288, 355-356 An exclusion clauses is a term of the contract which limits or excludes a liability from one party which would otherwise be subjected to. The function of an exclusion clause is to limit or exclude liability for breach of an express or implied term or even negligence in a contract. The court approach to interpreting such a clause is to interpret them narrowly. With an unsigned documents, an exclusion clause will be binding only if the clause was brought to the notice of the customer. This notice must be reasonable notice and is determined objectively by the courts. The document containing the exclusion clause must be of a contractual nature before the courts will hold the exclusion clause to be binding. To determine whether a clause is a contractual document, the court employ the reasonable person test and ask: Would a reasonable person expect such a document to contain an exclusion clause or would it merely represent a receipt or voucher? If notice of the exclusion clause is not given until after the contract has been completed, the exclusion clause will not be binding. If the customer has had previous dealings with the defendant, the court will more readily infer knowledge of the exclusion clause. If the customer through his previous dealings knows about the clause then he will be bound by it. Henry Kendall If the effect or scope of exclusion clause has been misrepresented to the customers, the exclusion clause is not bindin ...

Free sample - Technical report on the Trolley Jack. translation missing

Technical report on the Trolley Jack. Technical report on the Trolley Jack1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction In this report, several aspects of trolley jack shall be discussed. These include a description the product or what it is, how it works, health and safety issues surrounding the machine and its components. The report shall also include the design criteria, methods of manufacture and product comparison. In this comparison, the product shall be considered with reference to other similar products and also its cost against the quality and functionality of the product. Towards the end of the report, a review of the whole report shall be done and general observations made. At the end, references from which information was researched shall be outlined. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product Description According to Corneilse, Marr, Mogotsi and van der Hee (2007), a trolley jack is a portable piece of equipment that can be used to raise one side of a vehicle for instance when one wishes to change a vehicle tyre. It has been found out that an average trolley jack can lift a mass of up to slightly more than 2 tons. A single stroke of a trolley jack raises a load to for about 4 inches which is sufficient for trolleying. This trolley type can lift up a load for a maximum of 15.5 inches. It is thus appropriate for robust jobs yet it is relatively affordable. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trolley Jack design and manufacture As the name suggests, the jack has properties of a trolley in that it can be pushed along courtesy of its wheel and two castors. The body of this device is made of steel (heavy-duty). The reason for the use of this metal is because of its tensile strength: It does not twist or bend easily. So as to calculate the cost of manufacture of trolley jacks, quantity is a key consideration. This is because the larger the quantity is produced, the lower the average cost of manufacture (Tooley, Tooley Dingle, 2004, p. 34). Therefore the average cost of manufacture is the total cost divided by quantity manufactured. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Components of the Product As earlier stated, some of the parts of the device are the saddle and the release pedal. Other parts include a wheel, two castors, the lifting arm, control handle and the main body. The wheel and two castors are essential for its movement while the lifting arm is useful for making strokes. The main body covers the mechanical system that raises loads. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   How it works The Automotive repair and maintenance: Level 2 stipulated that a trolley jack uses a hydraulic system to raise a vehicle. To do so, a saddle is placed under the vehicle in the correct position. According to Keeting, Sutton and Abrahams (2008), the next step should be to block the wheel so that it does not roll. The vehicle should be on the handbrake. Thereafter, a control handle is used for raising the vehicle after which it is worked on. However, after lifting for some height, the user should check whether the jack is still in its position. Safety stands or axle stands should then be fixed for safety purposes. Later, a release pedal is used to lower the vehicle. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparison with other products’ quality, cost and functionality In view of most technical experts, all what is considered in jacks is how high or low the device can lift for example a car. Therefore, a good jack should provide a maximum lift for to a vehicle so as to have maximum space for work. Another aspect on the functionality of the product is how fact it can work that is the number of pumps needed to reach the highest level. Additionally, functionality is based on the maximum weight the device can lift. Bearing in mind that there are many aspects which could be considered in rating jacks in general, when the above were considered in one of the investigations, the following types were rated to be the best in this order: Clarke CTJ3000QL, JCB70003 and Kamasa GE4841. An average Trolley Jack produced by KarKare costs about 45 Sterling Pounds. According to Tooley, Tooley and Dingle (2004), the company produces about 12,000 units of trolley jack. Another type of Jack called Ellis Jack or Cam-type jack at most 6*6-inch timbers placed side by side and joined by steel champs. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health and Safety Issues when Using the Trolley Jack In their Fundamentals of technical rescue, the International Association of Fire Chiefs and National Fire Protection Association (2009) cautioned that when a technician is carrying loads on a jack, they should ensure that the load does not shift. This is because uneven distribution of weight can make the device to tip over and fall thus endangering the health safety of the user. In addition, whenever one is using a trolley jack, they should ensure that it is placed on a flat surface. The surface must also be hard so that it does not give way when a heavy load is being lifted. Therefore if the surface is soft, it is important that the user places a hard board or a steel plate under the jack for an even distribution of weight. It is also important to note that with regard to vehicles, a trolley jack should only be used to lift the vehicle but not to hold it place. One must use jack stands whenever working beneath the vehicle to avoid being crushed incase the device loses grip. When jac king a vehicle, one should block its wheels so that it does not roll. A tire should never be changed on a highway. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion and general observations This technical report was meant to describe some aspects of the trolley jack. This was successfully done through an initial outline of the way themes were to be tackled. Thereafter, the description of the device was done followed by its design and manufacture, its parts, how it works and some of the safety and health issues associated with its use. Later, the device was compared with other similar devices in terms of its cost, quality and functionality. It was clear that the product is relatively affordable and can do heavy jobs. Although the trolley jack is generally efficient, it was observed that the hydraulic models are usually slower particularly when being lowered. It is thus satisfactory that heavy jacks should be used with heavy vehicles such as Lorries and buses in which speed is not of great importance. References Corneilse, M., Marr, S., Mogotsi, S. Van der Heever, A. S. J. (2007). Automotive repair and maintenance: Level 2. Pearson South Africa. International Association of Fire Chiefs   National Fire Protection Association (2009). Fundamentals of technical rescue. Jones Bartlett Learning. Keeting, L. Sutton, P. Abrahams, A. (2008). Automotive repair and maintenance. Pearson South Africa. Tooley, M. H., Tooley, M. Dingle, L. (2004). Higher national engineering. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment Law - Essay Example Any resolution will be complex and contested; hence from the view point of Karl Marx, Marx believed that no completely satisfactory resolution is possible without a total revolution in social-economic system. Marx could have been right but the employment law in the 21st century attempts to balance the logic of the market system with the liberal aspiration of ensuring that individuals are treated with respect and impartially, as well as, have the opportunity to construct meaningful lives. In most cases, contract laws are applied in workplaces because they are vital and are legal aspects that tend to formalize an agreement in more than two parties. Question One: Many issues arise in the workplaces especially where many employees have varied issues such as health problems and many others. Some employees have complicated health issues that may hinder effective performance of the company and Michael’s case is among the common cases arising in the contemporary workplaces. Addressing these issues in a pragmatic manner requires clear and effective understanding of contract laws. Contracts are agreements which have lawful objects entered into voluntarily by two or more parties; thus they intend to create legal obligations among the parties (Twomey, 2013, p. 87). The contract should be acceptable, have an offer, mutual consideration and it should have a legal capacity vital for creating mutuality of obligation (Collins, 2010, p. 91). The contract laws take into considerations varied range of matters such as employment terms, real property sale issues, independent contractor relationship, intellectual property issues and settlement of disputes in the workplace. The contract law demands that all workers with a contract of employment or an employment relationship should receive basic working employment conditions vital for enabling them to work effectively in the working environment. Therefore, the case of Michael should be addressed by focusing on the contract law e specially the employment conditions in the work place. Each industry has its own policies that demand employees to meet them but the labor employment law should also be taken into considerations. The contract law offer mutual recognition rules vital for assisting free movement of workers. Although these mutual recognition rules exist, more subtle impediments found in the informal practices and conventions in recruitment continue to produce much less internal movement within the workplace (Collins, 2010, 139). These principles can be challenging but only under the general principle of free movement of employees. However, in the case of Michael, there is need to focus on the contract laws and adhere to them, but the employer should not also deprive him the mandatory employment rights applicable in the state where the work is being performed. It is vital for Michael to come up with a clear agreement with the human resources about his work because health is also important for any worker working in any organization. The labor laws focus on the rights of employees including health and safety in the working places and rights; hence, the human resource manager should provide

Social sustainability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Social sustainability - Assignment Example The leading organizations around the globe are trying to capitalize on the advantages that have been created due to globalization. The global market has become much more competitive after the Second World War. All the leading organizations have implemented advanced technology, strategic tools in their business process (Lancaster and Withey, 2012, p.38). Now-a-days people are much more concern about the quality of products as they have several options and substitutes for a product. In terms of organization, several firms are trying to bring sustainability in the business by focusing on the social, economic and environment sustainability as these will increase the brand reputation in this global competitive market (Bidgoli, 2006, p.173). The study is all about the analysis and evaluation of the social, economic and environment sustainability of leading home furniture retail IKEA. The organization has promoted and planned several sustainability projects and programmes in order to improv e the situation of global economy, community and environment. The study will reveal all the hidden aspects thoroughly. Introduction Sustainability can be defined as fulfilling needs without compromising the capability of the fulfilling of needs of future generation (Moore, 2010, p.20). It improves the quality of life. There are certain aspects that should be contained, such as social, economic and environmental. In the business practices it is known as 3BL or Triple Bottom Line. Sustainable business can be defined as an enterprise who has limited negative impact on local or global environment, society, community or economy. Habitually sustainable business firms have progressive human rights and environmental policies. Generally the business can be determined as green business when that enterprise fulfils the following criteria. It manufactures and supplies environment friendly goods and services and the enterprise is greener comparing to the traditional competition. It has made commitment to the environment policies in the business operations. It includes sustainability principles into business decisions. Any enterprise that practices green and environment friendly activities in order to ensure all the processes and manufacturing activities are current environmental concerned can be termed as sustainable business. IKEA is a leading global home furnishing retailer. The growth story of the organization since 1943 is very much eventful and effectual. Presently the organization is leading the global market place and the organization is popular for its Scandinavian style. Major of the furniture of IKEA are f lat-pack and prepared to be assembled by the buyers. The organization carries almost a range of more than 9,500 products. Online purchasing facilities have increased the core competency of IKEA. Till date there are 20 IKEA stores in UK (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p.219). The study will determine the actions and strategies of IKEA towards social, economical and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the study will highlight the Green House Gas Management Programme of IKEA. After evaluation, the study will draw the findings and will provide some recommendation plan. Finally the study will articulate a brief and clear conclusion. Social Sustainability The aim and objective of IKEA states that they want to provide better life for the community and people through the business practices. Moreover, the organization always focuses on establishing healthy and better place to work for the employees and the suppliers. Supporting children and vulnerable communities and commitment to supporting hum an rights is a path of promoting social sustainability through the busin

Introduction to Astronomy Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Astronomy Essay The life cycle of a star is a process that is not only beautiful but, fascinating to those fortunate ones who have the chance to study the subject. To the uneducated soul, gazing upon the night sky wondering what is out there is not a common thing. But being able to learn about what is really out there and how it became, that my friends, is truly an amazing task. One has to wonder just how we know what type of star we are looking at or at what point in the star’s life cycle the star dwells. Since the dawn of man, we have studied the stars, and until the last century, astronomers have found ways to measure four properties of stars: their luminosities, temperatures, radii, and masses. With this knowledge, they now have classified thousands of stars by plotting these stars on diagrams and charts characterized by any pair of these specific properties. A Star is Born Stellar Nursery – Nebula The proverbial birth of a star starts within a huge cloud of gas and dust known as a nebula. A nebula is approximately 21 light-years in width. When the gases and elements of the nebula start to contract due to the pull of its own gravity, it will create a protostar, which can startingly grow to roughly 60 million miles across. This is where the star begins to take shape. In order for a star to grow, it will need nuclear fusion to take place, and that requires tremendous amounts of pressure and heat. Main Sequence Stars The enormous pressure that is created compresses together elements to form more elements and to create energy. With hydrogen being the least dense and easiest to fuse, stars begin fusing hydrogen first. The side effect of this fusing of nuclei, or nuclear fusion, is the production of two positrons, two neutrinos, and the release of energy. Stars that are in the hydrogen burning process are known to be in the main sequence. Stars will spend the majority of their lifespan in the main sequence. Using the standardized classification system, astronomers find that about 90% of all stars cluster in thin bands on each the noted diagrams. Red Giant Eventually in the star’s life, the hydrogen supply in the core will begin to expire, when this happens, the sun’s core becomes unstable and will begin to contract. Consequently, the outer shell of the star, which consists mainly of hydrogen, will start to expand. During the expansion, it cools and will begin to glow red. The star now resides a red giant phase of its life cycle (Cain, 2009). Practically all stars will evolve identically up to the red giant phase, yet depending on the amount of mass a star, the next phase in the life cycle can be greatly different. Supergiants One possible evolution of extremely massive stars, although rare, is to become a supergiant. But what is a supergiant? When the radiation released by the fusion of helium into carbon it causes the red giant to expand even larger, perhaps into a star roughly 400 times the Sun’s size. The End of Days – Death of a Star White Dwarf A white dwarf, or a remnant of a star that has collapsed, are the destiny of stars like our sun. This phase in the life cycle is attained when the nuclear fuel supply is exhausted. Typically, a white dwarf can have the mass of about six-tenths the mass of our sun, but obtains size considerably smaller than that of the Earth. A white dwarf is formed when the shroud of a red giant is ejected as the core burns the last bits and pieces of its nuclear fuel. A white dwarf slowly fades into oblivion as it cools down. Supernova Possibly, exceedingly massive stars can continue to fuse heavy elements in order to produce more energy. Nevertheless, once iron is formed, it cannot be fused to make more energy. This is because iron has such a high binding energy and is thus very stable. Due to the immense gravity, the core will collapse and huge amounts of gas on the surface will blast out into space. This phase in the star’s life cycle has now become a supernova. Neutron Star Following a supernova explosion, the iron core of the star may be enormously massive, and may have an immense force of gravity. It has now become a neutron star, where the negative force, or pushing effect, between neutrons stops the contraction caused by gravity. Pulsar It is possible for a neutron star to spin rapidly following a supernova explosion. A result of this spinning, the neutron star may send out two beams of radio waves, light, and X-rays. These beams radiate in a circle as the star is spinning, and thus appears that the light from the star is pulsing intermittently. This is why it is called a Pulsar. Blackhole Yet some extremely massive supergiants, many with a mass more than four times that of our own Sun, may continue contracting until their nuclei are compacted into even more dense matter. The compacting matter forms a body so dense that it forms a black hole. A black hole is an extremely massive and dense, spectral body with a gravitational pull powerful enough to prevent the escape of light (Newman, 2002). Life as We Know It Astronomers believe Earth and all its living organisms are composed of elements formed in the interiors of stars, especially supergiants that exploded as supernovas. As astronomers across the globe scour planetary systems, both within and beyond our galaxy, in the quest to find life, they are centering their attention on each systems habitable zone. The habitable zone is where heat radiated from the star is just right to keep a planets water in liquid form (Williams Pollard, 2000), the sweet spot of the solar system.

Charles Darwin And Herbert Spencer :: Natural Selection, Evolution Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, revolutionized biology with his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Herbert Spencer was the major philosopher of biological and social evolution. Spencer's work significantly influenced 19th century developments in biology, psychology, sociology and anthropology. While Darwin was influential in the fields of natural history and geology, his theory of evolution created great controversy. He changed the way people thought about the role of humans in the natural world. Although these two men made advancement in the theory of evolution they had contrasting views regarding anthropological study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who first solidly established the theory of organic evolution, in his work, The Origin of Species. Darwin was born in Shresbury, Shropshire on February 12, 1809. His grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was a famous English scientist and poet. In 1825 the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to become a doctor. The same year, however, he transferred to Christ's College in Cambridge in order to become a clergyman. During this time he befriended a man of science, John Steven Henslow. It was Henslow who recommended him for the unpaid position of naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Darwin set sail on December 27, 1831 to study the Pacific coast of South America and the Pacific Islands. His other duty was to set up navigation stations in the area. He also studied the geology and biology of these areas. Upon his return in 1839, Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgewood, and was admitted to the Royal Society. He moved to Downe, Kent in 1842, and was plagued by ill health until his death. He apparently transmitted Trypanosomiastis from frequent bug bites in the Pacific. Darwin died on April 19, 1882 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Origin of Species, Darwin presented his idea that species evolve from more primitive species through the process of natural selection, which occurs spontaneously in nature. In his theory of how natural selection occurs, known as Darwinism, he pointed out that not all individuals of a species are exactly the same. But, rather that individuals have variations and that some of these variations make their bearers better adapted to particular ecological conditions. He pointed out that most species have more chances of surviving and producing young than do less adapted, and that over the passage of time, are slowly weeded out. The accumulation of adaptations to a particular ecological system leads into the development of separate species, each adapted to its own ecolgoical area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1837, Darwin began work on the concept that evolution is essentially brought about by three principles. The first being variation which is present

Heart Failure Alert System Using Rfid Technology

The paper will be demonstrating for the first time ever the usage of wireless electrification systems and miniature sensor devices like RIFF passive Tags, that are smaller than a grain of rice and equipped with a tiny antenna which will capture and wirelessly transmit a person's vital body-function data, such as pulse or body temperature , to an integrated ground station. In addition, the antenna will also receive Information regarding the location of the individual from the GAPS (Global Positioning Satellite) System.Both sets of data medical Information and location will then be wirelessly transmitted to the ground station and made available to save lives y remotely monitoring the medical conditions of at-risk patients and providing emergency rescue units with the person's exact location. This paper gives a predicted general model for Heart Failure Alert System. It also discusses the Algorithm for converting the Analog pulse to Binary data in the tag and the Algorithm for Alerting t he Location & Tracking Station. It discusses in detail the various stages involved in tracking the exact location of the Victim using this technology. . Illumination It is tough to declare convincingly what is the most Important organ of our DOD Infant every organ has Its own Importance contributing and coordinating superbly to keep the wonderful machine the human body functioning smoothly. And one of the primary organs which the body cannot do without is the heart, 72 beats a minute or over a trillion in a lifetime. The pump house of our body pumping the blood to every corner of our body every moment, thus sending oxygen and nutrients to each and every cell.Over a period of time, the heart muscles go weak, the arteries get blocked and sometimes because of a shock a part of the heart stops functioning resulting in what is called a HEART ATTACK. Heart attack is a major cause of death and in today's tension full world It has become very common. Presently there Is no mechanism by which a device monitors a person's heart 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and gives him instant protection in case of problem. Our primary focus is on people with a history of heart problem as they are more prone to death due to heart ‘OFF Taller.In ten II/Us, a group AT clients at ten Lawrence Livermore Larboard realized that a handheld receiver stimulated by RFC power could send back a coded radio signal. Such a system could be connected to a simple computer and used to intro access to a secure facility. This system ultimately became one of the first building entry systems based on the first commercial use of RIFF. RIFF or Radio Frequency identification is a technology that enables the tracking or identification of objects using ICC based tags with an RFC circuit and antenna, and RFC readers that â€Å"read† and in some case modify the information stored in the ICC memory.RIFF is an automated data-capture technology that can be used to electronically identify, track, and stor e information about groups of products, individual items, or product components. The technology consists of three key pieces: ; RIFF tags. ; RIFF readers. ; A data collection and management system. RIFF tags: RIFF tags are small or miniaturized computer chips programmed with information about a product or with a number that corresponds to information that is stored in a database. The tags can be located inside or on the surface of the product, item, or packing material.The RFC tags could be divided in two major groups: Passive Group: where the power to energize the tags circuitry is draw from the reader generated field. Active Group: In this case the tag has an internal power resource, in general a battery that could be replaceable or not, in some case this feature limited the tag lifetime, but for some applications this is not important, or the tag is designed to live more than the typical time needed. RIFF readers: RIFF readers are querying systems that interrogate or send signals to the tags and receive the responses.These responses can be stored within the reader for later transfer to a data collection system or instantaneously transferred to the data collection system. Like the tags themselves, RIFF readers come in many sizes. RIFF traders are usually on, continually transmitting radio energy and awaiting any tags that enter their field of operation. However, for some applications, this is unnecessary and could be undesirable in battery-powered devices that need to conserve energy. Thus, it is possible to configure an RIFF reader so that it sends the radio pulse only in response to an external event.For example, most electronic toll collection systems have the reader constantly powered upon that every passing car will be recorded. On the other hand, RIFF scanners used in veterinarian's offices are frequently equipped tit triggers and power up the only when the trigger is pulled. The largest readers malign consist AT a desktop personal computer Walt a spec ial car Ana multiple antennas connected to the card through shielded cable. Such a reader would typically have a network connection as well so that it could report tags that it reads to other computers.The smallest readers are the size of a postage stamp and are designed to be embedded in mobile telephones. 2. General Model for Heart Failure Alert System The Heart Failure Alert System consists of : ; RIFF Tag (Implanted into Human body). ; RIFF Reader (Placed in a Cellular Phone). Global Positioning Satellite System. ; Locating & Tracking Station. ; Mobile Rescue Units. The grain-sized RIFF tag is implanted into the human body, which keeps track of the heart pulse in the form of voltage levels. A RIFF reader is placed into the cellular phone.The RIFF reader sends a command to the RIFF tag which in turn sends these voltage pulses in the form of bits using the embedded software in the tag as response which is a continuous process. These bit sequence is then sent to software program in the cellular phone as input and checks for the condition of heart allure. If any sign of failure is sensed then immediately an ALERT Signal will be generated and in turn results in the AUTODIAL to the Locating & tracking station. This station with the use of GAPS system comes to know the whereabouts of the victim. The locating and tracking station also simultaneously alerts the rescue units. . Working of Implanted RIFF Tags Passive RIFF systems typically couple the transmitter to the receiver with either load modulation or backscatter, depending on whether the tags are operating in the near or far field of the reader respectively. In the near field, a tag couples with a reader via electromagnetic inductance. The antennas of both the reader and the tag are formed as coils, using many turns of small gauge wire. The reader communicates with the tag by modulating a carrier wave, which it does by varying the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the carrier, depending on the design of the R IFF system in question.The tag communicates with the reader by varying how much it loads its antenna. This in turn affects the voltage across the reader's antenna. By switching the load on and off rapidly, the tag can establish its own carrier frequency really a sub carrier) that the tag can in turn modulate to communicate its reply. Hug: Oral sleaze RIFF lag RIFF tags are smaller than a grain of rice and equipped with a tiny antenna will capture and wirelessly transmit a person's vital body-function data, such as pulse and do not require line of sight.These tags are capable of identifying the heart pulses in the form of voltage levels and converts into a bit sequence. The first step in A-D Conversion is Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). This takes an analog signal, samples it and generates a sequence of pulses based on the results of the Sampling measuring the amplitude at equal intervals) PC (Pulse Code Modulation) quantizes PAM pulses that is the method of assigning integral valu es in a specific range to sampled instances. The binary encoding of these integral values is done based on the algorithm BIN_ONCE depending on the average heart pulse voltage of the victim (Bag_pulse).Alga BIN_ONCE: Steps: Read the analog signals from the heart. Steps: Sample the analog signal and generate series of pulses based on the results of sampling based on the tag frequency. Steps: Assign integral values to each sampled instances generated. Steps: Consider every individual sampled unit and ampere with the average voltage level of the heart. Steps: If the sampled instance value is in between the average pulse values then assign BIT=O Otherwise assign BIT-I . Steps: Generate the bit sequence by considering all the generated individual sample instances.Fig: Analog-Binary Digits Conversion in Tags Working of RIFF reader inside cellular phone: The RIFF reader sends a pulse of radio energy to the tag and listens for the tags response. The tag detects this energy and sends back a r esponse that contains the tags serial number and possibly other information as well. In simple RIFF systems, he reader's pulse of energy functioned as an on-off switch, in more sophisticated systems, the reader's RFC signal can contain commands to the tag, instructions to read or write memory that the tag contains.Historically, RIFF readers were designed to read only a particular kind of tag, RIFF readers are usually on, continually transmitting radio energy and awaiting any tags that enter their field of operation. Fig: RIFF Reader in cellular phone. I en reader continuously sends ten command to ten tags Ana In turn receives ten voltage levels in the form of bit sequence as response from the tags with the help of the BIN_ONCE algorithm. The reader sends the received bit sequence to a software embedded in the cellular phone. In case of detection of a weak heart pulse this software automatically alerts the tracking & location station .

General Motors social responsibility strategy Essay

They emphasize clearly on enthusiasm. They want the employee, customer and shareholder enthusiasm to be extremely high. Targets that are environmentally cleansing will give the enthusiasm to the customers. The customers may then start to buy GM vehicles, Which will result in the business being more profitable, which will then give the shareholders enthusiasm. GM work as one big family and state that the most important assets are its colleagues. This will prompt employee enthusiasm. IF this goes to plan then they have partly fulfilled their vision statement. Looking at the environmental side of the vision statement, they want to completely remove the automobile from the environmental equation. This means that GM wants to produce the perfect vehicle that has no harmful emissions, is safer to drive and is affordable. GM have recognised that it could be a long time before this vision can be achieved but have started to implement various solutions to the long-term efforts. They have developed technologies such as advanced internal combustion power trains, modern diesel engines and hybrids. Each one helps in achieving their vision for the company and gradually progress and advance their technology. Communication within GM Communication is about transmitting ideas. There are many different ways in which others can obtain the ideas, such as through the various forms of medium, by telecommunications, and face-to-face. The communication between humans is principally language but can also take on other forms as well. Body language for instance, is a very powerful mechanism of communication because a lot can be read from facial expressions, gestures and posture. The simple fact that individuals have different upbringings means that they may perceive things in different ways. John Naylor states, â€Å"The receiver interprets the message into meaningful form†. This therefore means that the language the sender uses is very important because conveying the right message will depend on it. Language also needs to be adapted appropriately in order to fit the situation. Naylor suggests that the rules of language are as follows: Phonological- sounds and their combinations   Semantic- links between sounds and meaning   Syntactic- construction of phrases and sentences. Pragmatic- relating words, phrases and sentences to context, for example culture, behaviour, history and relationship GM’s website is very effective in my opinion as a communicator because it conveys relevant information. The website coheres to Levi’s and Conrad’s first principle of usability to web systems because it uses words and phrases and concepts familiar to the user. It also presents information in a natural and logical order. Within GM’s website, the home page is very clear because the buttons are quite large, clearly labelled and colourful. The language used on the buttons is very simple and specific. They allow the user to navigate themselves around the site efficiently and easily. There is also a search button to use as well. People would use this website for many different reasons such as car dealers, managers of the motor industry, customers and potential customers, all of which would find the website easy to use. Levi and Conrad (1996) also suggest that a web system should â€Å"organise information hierarchically, with more general information appearing before more specific detail. Encourage the user to delve as deeply as needed, but to stop whenever sufficient information has been received†. GM’s website implements this because each button on the home page links to a list of information that is contained within a section. Each option from the list then links to either the specific topic or subheadings of that topic. GM’s website fits very well into all nine o Levi and Conrad’s usability principles for web systems and is therefore a good method of communicating information to the GM audience. Application of Control Models. In this of work I will look at the different types of control systems within the GM industry. â€Å"The function of control is to ensure that the plan is achieved in spite of obstacles, variations and uncertainties in both the organisation and its environment. † Control systems basically assess the performance and then compare the results to the planning. They are then used as a tool to correct the differences between these two by the use of control loops. Control systems help managers to gain information back on what could be a number of activities such as higher profit, better efficiency, improved customer care. They set out their ideal goals and compare them to what has actually been achieved and then look at ways on how to improve the current state if it needs to be. There are three main types of control systems, Feedback control, Feed forward control and Concurrent control. First of all starting with Feedback control. This looks at the information about past behaviour to correct the performance of an operation. The process being controlled converts inputs into outputs. The feedback is used to help make the inputs more useful so that the outputs are more successful. There are four key areas to the model: – Goals- these are the standards set out by the company. These are the ideal performances and are set out to be achieved at any cost. Monitor Performance- this is the measuring of process outputs. This is basically looking at the activity through each of its stages. This process is mainly routine for many businesses. An example of General Motors monitoring performance would be using techniques such as safety tests, how fast the car goes, and how many miles a car can do to the gallon. These are then reported back to management to check on the progress. Comparison- the next stage is comparison. This compares the monitoring of the results to the goals. This is where action is taken upon the controller if the results are not matching to the company goals. Control Action- this is when corrective action is taken depending on the details of the control system. An example of Feedback control within General Motors is for their project Environmental Principles. GM wants to set out a policy in which they can help rebuild and regenerate the various communities. This basically is the use of surplus properties and redevelopment of them so they are suitable to live in. The goal is environmental stewardship. The ability to balance environmental, social and economic considerations in the GM actions that help shape the world. This is a challenging goal, one that will not be realised either through an occasional accomplishment or simply by announcing it. GM states that the only way they can create the future is to use the past. This is an example of feedback control. A report has been published every year called the Environmental Report. The information is gathered each year and the achievements are compared to the goals, the relevant actions are taken to help complete this goal that GM have. As well as the Redevelopment scheme being included in the report, there are also other criteria. For instance GM have set out another goal in which the report sites that there will be reduction in emissions and fuel consumption and an increase in philanthropy and community support. One of their ideal goals is to use 90% recyclable materials, 30,000 metric tons of recyclable metal for their cars. GM uses the report as monitoring device. Each year the goals are set out and at the end of it they are compared to the results and the appropriate actions are taken. A new report is developed to help complete the goals of the company. As you can see this fits into the Feedback model fairly well. All the key features are there, goals are set in one report, these are monitored throughout the year, the results are compared to previous years, and action is then taken if they have not been successful, which can take form of a new report. The next type of control feature is Concurrent control. This is sometimes described as real time or self-control. This control system works as close as possible to the process. The process does not need to be interrupted for monitoring and adjustment, in some cases. There are several perspectives that Concurrent control can be seen as. From the view of the worker it resembles Feedback, as they are processing, then monitoring, and so on. From the view of management though, the goals are set and they expect the employee to act without further intervention. The difference between feedback control is that the arrangement has internal monitoring and action. An example of Concurrent control within the GM organisation is the processing of the vehicles. The processing, monitoring, actions and controls are all is all done in real time. The vehicle descriptions are processed into the equipment that processes the cars. The input is the metal, furnishings, engines and other equipment needed to make the vehicles. These are then processed and the various technicians monitor the performance of the machinery and they are expected to use control actions if any problems occur. The goals will be producing a car that is economically sound, a people carrier, and cars that are specifically designed for the city and other similar goals. If there are any problems the technicians are expected to take the relevant actions to sort out the problems. As you can see the processing of vehicles has a certain element of Concurrent control within it. Nearly everything is done around one process and it is up to the employees to adjust and correct any problems that occur Now moving onto Feed forward control. Feed forward is about anticipating an event or problem before they arise within a business. The controller receives the monitoring information on outputs; these outputs are then converted into forecasts of the future outputs if the process continues as it is. Feed forward differs from planning. Planning answers questions such as â€Å"How can we get from here to here? † Feedback looks at questions such as â€Å"What early warnings do current outputs give us of future process performance? † The forecasting part only works on the output data. An example of Feed forward control within GM could be within their Seven Year Plan. This plan is included within GM’s Targets and Mission statement. GM wants the transportation of the future to have a lot less impact on the environment and the quality of life. The plans are assessing the possibilities of changing the major modes of transportation and start to develop future land transportation systems. GM is also intent on producing a vehicle that has no harmful emissions and either runs on a fuel that is harmless, runs on electric, or runs on solar power. They want to make motoring as safe to the environment as possible so that people are no longer concerned with the effects vehicles have on the environment. GM has many forecasts within this plan. They forecast to develop a prototype car that runs on electric by the year 2004. Each step of this production will be closely monitored so that other forecasts can be made to improve the process. Evan now forecasts are being made upon the vehicles they produce so that they can be improved when the next sets of goals are thought up. A lot of GM’s current processing is using feed forward control. They are constantly forecasting better ways to produce their goods so their Outputs can be improved. I do not think that any of these suggest any possibilities of problems or failure. GM have stated that they want to strive forward in the car industry and make sure that their products are safe to the environment and safe to the people that use them. They are using these models to improve on what they have already done within the car industry. They also want to lead by example and make other car industries follow their lead. They are a pioneer company and do not show signs of failure. References Management (1998) by John Naylor http://www. gm. com/ http://www. ilds. com/ http://stats. bls. gov/ore/htm/ Management BUSAG2031 Adam Tilston 00302568 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Variation and Inheritance section.

The Hundred Secret Senses essays

The Hundred Secret Senses essays In 'the hundred secret senses? by Amy Tan, it slowly shows how Olivia's character portrays the sister she was cut out to be. Amy Tan makes the readers recognize how Olivia treated her half-sister, Kwan and also how she progressed with her relationship towards Kwan. Olivia somewhat treated Kwan with disrespect, for example, she would tell her stupid meanings of things that did not make sense because she felt irritated or annoyed by her company. Olivia basically only thought of her own needs and was deeply frustrated with Kwan living with the family but there would be times when Olivia would feel for her and treat her with respect. In the beginning of the story, Olivia was very young and confused. She had lost her father at such a young age and did not understand why he had died. Her father's last wish to the mother was to look for his daughter, Kwan, whom he has not seen and bring her to live in America. Kwan was not that excited about having a new sister living in the house. She thought that her mother would have less time for her. Kwan's relationship with Olivia was thought to be wonderful for her. On the other hand, Olivia was practically annoyed and irritated by Kwan and her stories. Their relationship grew in ways that were unexplainable because of Olivia's actions towards Kwan. But I thought those actions of hers was her way of saying that she loved Kwan very much! Kwan was more like a mother for Olivia since her mom was hardly around. Kwan took care of Olivia through out the whole story. Olivia tried to be distant with Kwan as they grew older but Kwan always insisted on getting together or just making surprise visits. The tremendous outcome where Kwan and Olivia's relationship with each other even more or it deepened was when they had gone to China (Simon, Kwan, and Olivia) together. A terrible thing had happened when they had arrived in China and were on their way to Changmain to vis ...

Biography of Jack Kilby, Inventor of the Microchip

Biography of Jack Kilby, Inventor of the Microchip Electrical engineer Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit, also known as the microchip. A microchip  is a set of interconnected electronic components such as transistors and resistors that are etched or imprinted onto a tiny chip of a semiconducting material, such as silicon or germanium. The microchip shrunk the size and cost of making electronics and impacted the future designs of all computers and other electronics. The first successful demonstration of the microchip was on September 12, 1958. The Life of Jack Kilby Jack Kilby was born on November 8 1923 in Jefferson City, Missouri.  Kilby was raised in Great Bend, Kansas. He earned a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois and a M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin. In 1947, he began working for Globe Union of Milwaukee, where he designed ceramic silk-screen circuits for electronic devices. In 1958, Jack Kilby began working for Texas Instruments of Dallas, where he invented the microchip. Kilby died on June 20, 2005 in Dallas, Texas. Jack Kilbys Honors and Positions From 1978 to 1984, Jack Kilby was a Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at Texas AM University. In 1970, Kilby received the National Medal of Science. In 1982, Jack Kilby was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. The Kilby Awards Foundation, which annually honors individuals for achievements in science, technology, and education, was established by Jack Kilby. Most notably, Jack Kilby was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the integrated circuit. Jack Kilbys Other Inventions Jack Kilby has been awarded more than sixty patents for his inventions. Using the microchip, Jack Kilby designed and co-invented the first pocket-sized calculator called the Pocketronic. He also invented the thermal printer that was used in portable data terminals. For many years Kilby was involved in the invention of solar powered devices.

Organisational Behaviour Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organisational Behaviour - Literature review Example This paper can help at understanding the concept of organizational behavior. It is important because without it, innovation and changes can never be welcomed which are hugely necessary for maintaining a successful position in the market and ensuring customer satisfaction. Facts and literature review presented in this paper are basically meant to address the problem that â€Å"with fierce competitiveness that forms the hallmark of the present business age, resolving myriad organizational behavior issues like leadership, change, etc. remain unaddressed due to which the whole organizational structure starts destroying beyond repair.† Literature review included in this paper focuses on addressing this problem and the need to maintain stability in an organization and for this, both leaders and employees should respect each other while taking care to add the element of solidarity to the organizational framework. According to, strict yet understanding and focused leadership is excess ively important for stabilizing the structural framework of organizational behavior. A leader should definitely ensure if all of the employees, should they experience any issue or problem, have easy access to him/her or not for discussing that issue. Most of the times, conflicts arise when there is no kind of communication or any friendly relation between the leader and subordinates, with the result that small issues grow into an oversized giant creating much trouble and pandemonium in an organization. The research study presented by (Mills, 2005) in his book regarding the critical importance of leadership lays stress on the need to adopt such a leading style that would not discourage the employees to bring forward any ideas they have in their minds for the betterment of the organization, rather a broadminded leader should hold regular meetings with the employees working at every level so that intricate visions can be shared and strategies can be introduced. It is a reality that foc used leadership and positive organizational behavior â€Å"focuses primarily on constructs such as compassion, virtue, and forgiveness as ends in themselves for today’s organizations.† (Luthans, 2002, p. 698). With a haphazard and uncoordinated leadership that never remains focused, organizational setup becomes stagnated, slow, and targets become virtually unreachable. It is justifiably claimed that â€Å"walking at the front isn’t really leadership unless the person in front is actually choosing the direction!† (Mills, 2005, p. 14). Coming to the models that organizations around the world operate out of, (Medsker, Williams, & Holahan, 1994, pp. 439-464) have laid emphasis on the four major models proposed for broadening the concept about organizational behavior and recent developments made in these models since the time they were introduced. This research study lays particular stress on the need to evaluate these models so that ambiguities could be remov ed and better understanding for the overall benefit of an organization could be ensured between the leaders and employees. Development of understanding and bias-free respect for each is majorly marred by negative notions that are most of the times, absolutely groundless and by following a set useful organizational behavior model, coherency in thinking and implementing ideas can be achieved by the leaders. The autocratic model is probably the most

Tropical Monsoon Climate Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tropical Monsoon Climate - Term Paper Example Tropical monsoon climate is mainly found in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India, southwest of Africa, northeast and southeast of Brazil and French Guiana (Ritter, 2006). According to Glantz (2003), there are two monsoons dominating in Asia – winter northeast monsoon, which comes from November to February and summer which comes from may to September. They are the majority critical climatic factors that come with most of the regions precipitation. Asia is renowned for its annual drought and flood especially in Bangladesh and India due to seasonal shift of weather. While the flood alone covers 7.7 million hectares in India, it covers 3.1 million hectares in Bangladesh. Tropical cyclone is another major feature of climate in this region. In particular, it affects two areas – northern Indian Ocean, which affects Bangladesh and northwestern Pacific Ocean, which affects Vietnam and Philippines. EL Nino-southern oscillation (ENSO) is another extensive phenomenal that has major influences in climate in a number of countries. In Africa there are three major areas where tropical monsoon occurs namely the southern coast of western Africa at 5 degrees north and 9 degrees north latitude, the Congo basin, which lies between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south, and the remaining part which lies in between 15 degrees north and 15 degrees south. The climatic conditions in Africa differ from tropical monsoon in Asia especially in Congo Basin and southern coast of West Africa where heavy rainfall is experienced all through the year. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 10 mm in Sahara and 2000 mm in equator and other parts of West Africa. Precipitation is caused by convection process while movements of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and large-scale air mass movement brings seasonal variation. Drought in Africa is inevitable – it recurs from time to time and as a result, food crisis is a big problem that puts the population at risk (Glantz, 2003). Tropical monsoon climate in America is common in no rthern parts of South America and Central America where important topography and climatological consequences are found. Rainfall is brought by general circulation of trade winds. Andes Mountains is a flat area where major humid part of South America lies. Salinger (2005) records that ITCZ controls the seasonal movements that are smaller than Southeast Asia and the general circulation of this area. Droughts are severe in northern part of South America unlike Asia where major hazard are cyclones and floods. In humid and sub-humid tropics, agriculture is very vital; take an example of Asia where agriculture is an important economic sector. According to Salinger (2005), Asia, in 1993, employed more than half of the labor forces, which brought 63% of the gross domestic produce (GDP). Most export comes from agricultural products that brings a great amount of foreign exchange earnings. In this region rice, being the major crop, constitutes the largest part of production while maize and whe at follow. Nevertheless, agriculture experiences vulnerability in humid and sub-humid tropics attributable to some factor. With the exception of Africa where food security has been a problem for years, agriculture is also vulnerable in other countries but with minimal severity. Tropical cyclone also causes severe damage to the agriculture sector especially in Asia. Crop and livestock

Forming of Diamond Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Forming of Diamond - Research Paper Example This study focuses upon Diamond as the hardest mineral on earth. It is a natural mineral and is the hardest on Mohs hardness scale that is used to determine the hardness of solids, particularly minerals. This scale that lists the softest to the hardest solids has diamond as its hardest material with a ranking of 10. Although, graphite is also formed of carbon atoms, it is not as strong as diamond. However, graphite is being used in man-made diamonds due to its similarities in composition, where the ring-like structure of carbon atoms of graphite is altered to form a crystalline structure. It is a carbon component found in the form of an ore that is processed and used. The unique molecular structure of the material is what gives it its strength, as five carbon atoms forming a tetrahedron by each atom forming covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms gives diamond its unique stability which is hard to break. It is a crystalline structure with billions of carbon atoms bonding together under very high pressure and temperatures inside the Earth’s mantle at about 100 miles below its crust. These crystals are carried to the surface of the Earth by violent volcanic eruptions. Diamond is chemically inert to most of the acids and alkalis, has low thermal expansion, has a negative electron affinity, is a good thermal conductor, is least compressible, has high specific gravity, and has high refractive index and reflection. Common morphologies or or isometric crystal structures of diamond are: cubical, octahedral and do-decahedron. (Composition and properties of diamond, 2008). Advantages: Diamonds are usually transparent or pale blue but some coloured diamonds are also found due to the presence of impurities in the lattice structure. Traces of Boron, Nitrogen and other gases result in the blue, yellow and other colours of diamonds. Diamonds are found in Kimberlite and Lamproite rocks that are brought to the Earth’

About the recruitment process

About the recruitment process Introduction: Recruitment is a process by which a company gets application for their available vacancies. Good recruitment is important to effectual human resource management. It is valuable like as many others human resource management process, as for example training and selection depends widely of the new employees attracted by the recruitment process. Recruitment is also important for whole society because it manipulate job seekers opportunities to getting a suitable job. Not only has that job it works vital parted most peoples lives. Recruitment Methods: Recruitment can be carried out in numerous ways and generally it happens via both formal and informal processes. An informal process depends on the contacts of active workers or on new applicant. Since they threat being biased, word -of -mouth recruitment is not often suitable in public sector. Within business sector, word of mouth recruitment is well known, especially in those societies rated more socialist by Hofstede. International differences in the exercise of informal are considerable. It is also common all over the globe and especially in the developing nations like as Bangladesh, Nepal, Uganda, Bhutan etc. Recruitment of Friends and Family is very easy and cheap as usually. According to Brewster et al (2008), there are four methods of particular relevance to International Human Resource management. Multinational companies follow these methods and recruiting, selecting, employing employees globally.Every recruitment process has some advantages and disadvantages. 1. Headhunting: In this method, recruitment agencies are work as service provider and they supply companies with recruits to put via their own selection procedures. This process is most common for managerial positions in developed countries like as USA, UK etc. Anecdotal data shows that almost 50% of executive searches are now cross-border. The global capability, geographical spread of individual search firms has consequently become difficult. The recruitment agencies may be preferred to internal solutions for many reasons and those reasons given below. a) The recruitment agencies have the specialist nature of recruitment activities. Similarly, its potentially rare use, sometimes mean that almost competent way to start it is to subcontract and it is to expert providers. b) Sometimes multinational companies would like to recruit in a country for the first time where they may not have human resource department to carry on this activity and simultaneously, they may not have local idea that would be essential. For this reason, they take help from the recruitment agencies. c) The recruitment agencies are expert in this section and can do recruitment of higher level or higher skill; employees may take place from a proper prospective employees file. The recruitment agencies operate their activities all over the country or industry. They usually have a list and this is mainly true in the case of multinational companies recruiting in a country where first time. Headhunters is particularly form of recruitment and agencies can be expected to charge a considerable payment for their services. b)Cross national Advertising: Now world is a global village and as part of globalisation, labour migration is more common and accepted all over the world. At present many companies seek to carry out cross border when they recruiting senior staffs. Brewster et al (2008) mentioned that the rising apply of advertising such as targeted outdoor poster sites -airport lounges, airline magazines and journey to work routes. Simultaneously, international, publications like as The Economist magazines, The wall street journals regularly represents some advertisement for high level posts in many organisations all over the world. Although that advertising should consider cultural differences, it may well be the case that the valuable targeting of such advertisement ensures that they are seen more or less totally by people. They are more used to, and accepting of, these multi-cultural messages. c) Internet Recruitment: Today internet is an important source of job and used to cheaply mass market the recruitment messages that organisations interested to forward potential applicants. The electronic recruiting facility is re-shaping the job hunting process and this facility has the likely to cut the difficulty to employment on a worldwide scale. It is proving helpful for global graduate recruitment, attracting MBAs and post graduate level candidates, similarly specific roles such as accounting professionals and IT staff. Brewster et al (2008) mentions some reasons for its popularity in recruitment. 1. Widen recruitment sourcing at relatively low cost a) Fixed cost of designing a website have been incurred, the marginal cost of further website visitor is mostly zero. b) At present internet user has grown highly, not only developed countries but also third world countries .So, now internet allows to firms reach potential applicants anywhere in the globe. c) Similarly, now it is very easy for potential employees to apply for any kind of job and first stage is to fill a web form or email a copy of CV. The main disadvantage of this is that the cheapness of applying by internet sometimes may encourage not only proper applicant but also large amount of unsuitable applicants too. 2. Attract applicant on a more specialised skill match. 3. Target sources of graduate like as MBA career centres. 4. Improve on traditional advertising approaches by targeting particular life style or culture fit groups. Selection Methods: The most common forms of selection methods are given below. Interviews: The way in which interviews are continued are one factor of national culture which radically impact the conduct of the interview and cultural awareness is very essential in this respect. In a simple face to face interview, the assessors may be confronted by considerable problem. As for example can mention here that one American multinational company recruiting managers in South Korea and found that interviewers had to be trained in multicultural awareness. According to the cultural rule of Korea, when asked a good question, to keep silent is known as   sign of respect and similarly the better the question ,the longer period of silence the applicant maintains.Moreover,according to the American culture, if anybody ask a good question and receive silence, it is like as ignorance. Not only that face to face interview may produce fairly warped judgements. 2. The monitoring and targeting of disadvantaged groups: In most countries negative discrimination against the interests of at least some disadvantaged group is not legal; similarly a small number of countries positive discrimination in support of interests of disadvantaged may be allowed or encouraged. Staffing practices are stoutly influenced by norms and morals, not possible by the law. As for example, many European countries do ban discrimination on the basis of age, but the application of age restrictions varies considerably by country. It is not applicable in UK but common in Germany. 3. Assessment Centres: Assessment centres are regarded as one of the most strong and suitable selection techniques and it should be expected that they would be used to assess capability for global manager. The major points of assessment centres are help to client companies to determine which candidates are appropriate to be employed. In this sense they offer their customers level of selection capability the may not take home. Assessment centres tend to use different types of tools and these tools are situational interviews, work stimulations and role -playing etc.Some effort also face that units and the successful utilization of their set of tools requires there tools to be significant for the circumstance like as legislative, cultural economic etc, in which the recruitment is taking place. Thus there cannot be one size fits all approach and this causes extensive troubles for them. 4. Psychological testing: The strength of some psychometric testing process is also uncertain. Psychologists state that variability of across settings for the equal type of work and across different of jobs is small .This testing involves asking candidates to full psychometric tests to allow their potential employer to verify the sort of person they are. Psychometric is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and personality traits. The field is primarily concerned with the construction and validation of measurement instruments, such as questionnaires, tests and personality assessments. Those who practice psychometric are known as psychometricians and although they may also be clinical psychologists, they are not obliged to be so and could instead be (for example) human resources or learning and development professionals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychometrics In the hand of competent professionals psychometric tests present an at times positive nearby into the individual features of prospective employees; in the hands of inexpert they are little more than a hazard to the achievement of a company. The table below represents some indications of comparative use of these selection events in diverse countries in the hiring of an employee for a cleric positions. According to the table, 69.6% of Danish companies report that they use interviews, but a small number (5%) of French companies do it. Simultaneously, 43.7% of Spanish companies like psychometric tests, but only 0.9% German firm prefers it. The uses of Psychometric test and Assessment Centre differs from country to country. A German assessment centre would use much diverse equipment to assess much different stuff than would an assessment centre in Canada.